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We show how to estimate a model's test error from unlabeled data, on distributions very different from the training distribution, while assuming only that certain conditional independencies are preserved between train and test. We do not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-06-17 Jacob Steinhardt , Percy Liang

Traditional approaches for learning on categorical data underexploit the dependencies between columns (\aka fields) in a dataset because they rely on the embedding of data points driven alone by the classification/regression loss. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-19 Zhibin Li , Piotr Koniusz , Lu Zhang , Daniel Edward Pagendam , Peyman Moghadam

Labelling data is a major practical bottleneck in training and testing classifiers. Given a collection of unlabelled data points, we address how to select which subset to label to best estimate test metrics such as accuracy, $F_1$ score or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-27 Emine Yilmaz , Peter Hayes , Raza Habib , Jordan Burgess , David Barber

The classical setting of community detection consists of networks exhibiting a clustered structure. To more accurately model real systems we consider a class of networks (i) whose edges may carry labels and (ii) which may lack a clustered…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-06-27 Jiaming Xu , Laurent Massoulié , Marc Lelarge

Acquiring and training on large-scale labeled data can be impractical due to cost constraints. Additionally, the use of small training datasets can result in considerable variability in model outcomes, overfitting, and learning of spurious…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Jiashu Tao , Reza Shokri

Processes such as disease propagation and information diffusion often spread over some latent network structure which must be learned from observation. Given a set of unlabeled training examples representing occurrences of an event type of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-01-09 Sriram Somanchi , Daniel B. Neill

Concept bottleneck models (CBM) are a popular way of creating more interpretable neural networks by having hidden layer neurons correspond to human-understandable concepts. However, existing CBMs and their variants have two crucial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Tuomas Oikarinen , Subhro Das , Lam M. Nguyen , Tsui-Wei Weng

Images of scenes have various objects as well as abundant attributes, and diverse levels of visual categorization are possible. A natural image could be assigned with fine-grained labels that describe major components, coarse-grained labels…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-10-25 Hexiang Hu , Guang-Tong Zhou , Zhiwei Deng , Zicheng Liao , Greg Mori

There has been increased interest in devising learning techniques that combine unlabeled data with labeled data ? i.e. semi-supervised learning. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has been performed across various techniques…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2011-09-12 N. V. Chawla , Grigoris Karakoulas

Instance-dependent Partial Label Learning (ID-PLL) aims to learn a multi-class predictive model given training instances annotated with candidate labels related to features, among which correct labels are hidden fixed but unknown. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Congyu Qiao , Ning Xu , Yihao Hu , Xin Geng

Grammar competency estimation is essential for assessing linguistic proficiency in both written and spoken language; however, the spoken modality presents additional challenges due to its spontaneous, unstructured, and disfluent nature.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Sourya Dipta Das , Shubham Kumar , Kuldeep Yadav

The diversity of deep learning applications, datasets, and neural network architectures necessitates a careful selection of the architecture and data that match best to a target application. As an attempt to mitigate this dilemma, this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Amin Banitalebi-Dehkordi , Xinyu Kang , Yong Zhang

Semi-supervised learning has received increasingly attention in statistics and machine learning. In semi-supervised learning settings, a labeled data set with both outcomes and covariates and an unlabeled data set with covariates only are…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-26 Zhuojun Quan , Yuanyuan Lin , Kani Chen , Wen Yu

In this paper, we study statistical properties of semi-supervised learning, which is considered as an important problem in the community of machine learning. In the standard supervised learning, only the labeled data is observed. The…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2012-04-19 Masanori Kawakita , Takafumi Kanamori

Learning algorithms normally assume that there is at most one annotation or label per data point. However, in some scenarios, such as medical diagnosis and on-line collaboration,multiple annotations may be available. In either case,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-03-19 Yan Yan , Romer Rosales , Glenn Fung , Jennifer Dy

When a deep learning model is deployed in the wild, it can encounter test data drawn from distributions different from the training data distribution and suffer drop in performance. For safe deployment, it is essential to estimate the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Jiefeng Chen , Frederick Liu , Besim Avci , Xi Wu , Yingyu Liang , Somesh Jha

Machine learning models are known to learn spurious correlations, i.e., features having strong relations with class labels but no causal relation. Relying on those correlations leads to poor performance in the data groups without these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Phuong Quynh Le , Jörg Schlötterer , Christin Seifert

We argue that the selective inclusion of data points based on latent objectives is common in practical situations, such as music sequences. Since this selection process often distorts statistical analysis, previous work primarily views it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Yujia Zheng , Zeyu Tang , Yiwen Qiu , Bernhard Schölkopf , Kun Zhang

To address semi-supervised learning from both labeled and unlabeled data, we present a novel meta-learning scheme. We particularly consider that labeled and unlabeled data share disjoint ground truth label sets, which can be seen tasks like…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-26 Yun-Chun Chen , Chao-Te Chou , Yu-Chiang Frank Wang

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved state-of-the-art results for semi-supervised node classification on graphs. Nevertheless, the challenge of how to effectively learn GNNs with very few labels is still under-explored. As one of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-21 Yayong Li , Jie Yin , Ling Chen