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Recent developments in string duality suggest that the string scale may not be irrevocably tied to the Planck scale. Two explicit but unrealistic examples are described where the ratio of the string scale to the Planck scale is arbitrarily…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-12-30 Joseph D. Lykken

Given two functions $\mathbf{a}\!:\! [n] \rightarrow [n]$ and $\mathbf{b}\!:\! [n] \rightarrow [n]$ chosen uniformly at random, any word $w=w_1w_2\dots w_k\in \{a,b\}^k$ induces a random function $\mathbf{w}\!:\! [n] \rightarrow [n]$ by…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-04-01 Guillaume Chapuy , Guillem Perarnau

In this paper, we are mainly interested in the two questions "which are the commutative rings on which every finitely presented modules is [Formula: see text]-periodic (respectively, [Formula: see text]-periodic)?". It is proved that these…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2022-03-08 Driss Bennis , François Couchot

We generalize the familiar notion of periodicity in sequences to a new kind of pseudoperiodicity, and we prove some basic results about it. We revisit the results of a 2012 paper of Shevelev and reprove his results in a simpler and more…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-02-14 Joseph Meleshko , Pascal Ochem , Jeffrey Shallit , Sonja Linghui Shan

Recently the second two authors characterized quasiperiodic Sturmian words, proving that a Sturmian word is non-quasiperiodic if and only if it is an infinite Lyndon word. Here we extend this study to episturmian words (a natural…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-03-16 Amy Glen , Florence Levé , Gwénaël Richomme

Given a string $w$, another string $v$ is said to be a subsequence of $w$ if $v$ can be obtained from $w$ by removing some of its letters; on the other hand, $v$ is called an absent subsequence of $w$ if $v$ is not a subsequence of $w$. The…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Florin Manea , Tina Ringleb , Stefan Siemer , Maximilian Winkler

We investigate the string configuration that, in the framework of the theoretical scenario introduced in [1], corresponds to the most entropic configuration in the phase space of all the configurations of the universe. This describes a…

General Physics · Physics 2011-03-22 Andrea Gregori

Let $A$ be a finite multiset of integers. If $B$ be a multiset such that $A$ and $B$ are $t$-complementing multisets of integers, then $B$ is periodic. We obtain the Biro-type upper bound for the smallest such period of $B$: Let…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2011-01-04 Zeljka Ljujic

In combinatorics on words, a word $w$ over an alphabet $\Sigma$ is said to avoid a pattern $p$ over an alphabet $\Delta$ if there is no factor $f$ of $w$ such that $f=h(p)$ where $h:\Delta^*\to\Sigma^*$ is a non-erasing morphism. A pattern…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-10-08 Pascal Ochem

The binomial notation (w u) represents the number of occurrences of the word u as a (scattered) subword in w. We first introduce and study possible uses of a geometrical interpretation of (w ab) and (w ba) when a and b are distinct letters.…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Gwenaël Richomme

Fring and al in their paper entitled "Strings from position-dependent noncommutativity" have introduced a new set of noncommutative space commutation relations in two space dimensions. It had been shown that any fundamental objects…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-12-15 Latévi M. Lawson

A set X of partial words over a finite alphabet A is called unavoidable if every two-sided infinite word over A has a factor compatible with an element of X. Unlike the case of a set of words without holes, the problem of deciding whether…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-08-23 Joey Becker , F. Blanchet-Sadri , Laure Flapan , Stephen Watkins

In this paper, we study the periodicity structure of finite field linear recurring sequences whose period is not necessarily maximal and determine necessary and sufficient conditions for the characteristic polynomial~\(f\) to have exactly…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-03-02 Ghurumuruhan Ganesan

In this paper, we consider the satisfiability problem for string logic with equations, regular membership and Presburger constraints over length functions. The difficulty comes from multiple occurrences of string variables making…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-10-12 Quang Loc Le

The Longest Common Subsequence (LCS) is a fundamental string similarity measure, and computing the LCS of two strings is a classic algorithms question. A textbook dynamic programming algorithm gives an exact algorithm in quadratic time, and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-02-13 Xiaoyu He , Ray Li

We construct a string field Hamiltonian for a noncritical string theory with the continuum limit of the Ising model or its generalization as the matter theory on the worldsheet. It consists of only three string vertices as in the case for…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-22 N. Ishibashi , H. Kawai

A string $w$ is called a minimal absent word (MAW) for another string $T$ if $w$ does not occur in $T$ but the proper substrings of $w$ occur in $T$. For example, let $\Sigma = \{\mathtt{a, b, c}\}$ be the alphabet. Then, the set of MAWs…

We provide a non-technical introduction to "misaligned supersymmetry", a generic phenomenon in string theory which describes how the arrangement of bosonic and fermionic states at all string energy levels conspires to preserve finite string…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-09-06 Keith R. Dienes

I discuss a special class of singularities obtained as a natural 4-dimensional generalization of the conical singularity. Such singularities (called quasiregular) are ruinous for the predictive force of general relativity, so one often…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-20 Serguei Krasnikov

We review a bit our earlier novel string field theory\cite{self2,self8} stressing the interesting property, that it becomes expressed in terms of particle like objects called by us "objects" which in our formalism do not at all develop in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-11-11 Holger Bech Nielsen , Masao Ninomiya