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\textit{Total Coloring} of a graph is a major coloring problem in combinatorial mathematics, introduced in the early $1960$s. A \textit{total coloring} of a graph $G$ is a map $f:V(G) \cup E(G) \rightarrow \mathcal{K}$, where $\mathcal{K}$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-06-18 T Srinivasa Murthy

Given a graph $G$, an injective edge-coloring of $G$ is a function $\psi:E(G) \rightarrow \mathbb N$ such that if $\psi(e) = \psi(e')$, then no third edge joins an endpoint of $e$ and an endpoint of $e'$. The injective chromatic index of a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-08-31 Peter Bradshaw , Alexander Clow , Jingwei Xu

The notion of graph covers (also referred to as locally bijective homomorphisms) plays an important role in topological graph theory and has found its computer science applications in models of local computation. For a fixed target graph…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Jan Bok , Jiří Fiala , Nikola Jedličková , Jan Kratochvíl , Micheala Seifrtová

It is shown that any graph with maximum degree $\Delta$ in which the average degree of the induced subgraph on the set of all neighbors of any vertex exceeds $\frac{6k^2}{6k^2 + 1}\Delta + k + 6$ is either $(\Delta - k)$-colorable or…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-10-02 Landon Rabern

Let $G=(V,E)$ be a vertex-colored graph, where $C$ is the set of colors used to color $V$. The Graph Motif (or GM) problem takes as input $G$, a multiset $M$ of colors built from $C$, and asks whether there is a subset $S\subseteq V$ such…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2019-08-13 Guillaume Fertin , Christian Komusiewicz

It has been shown by Bokal et al. that deciding 2-colourability of digraphs is an NP-complete problem. This result was later on extended by Feder et al. to prove that deciding whether a digraph has a circular $p$-colouring is NP-complete…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-22 Winfried Hochstättler , Felix Schröder , Raphael Steiner

While solving a question on list coloring of planar graphs, Dvo\v{r}\'{a}k and Postle introduced the new notion of DP-coloring (they called it correspondence coloring). A DP-coloring of a graph $G$ reduces the problem of finding a coloring…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-03-26 Anton Bernshteyn , Alexandr Kostochka , Sergei Pron

The graph coloring problem (GCP) is one of the most studied NP-HARD problems in computer science. Given a graph , the task is to assign a color to all vertices such that no vertices sharing an edge receive the same color and that the number…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-11-19 Robiul Islam , Arup Kumar Pramanik

In a bounded max-coloring of a vertex/edge weighted graph, each color class is of cardinality at most $b$ and of weight equal to the weight of the heaviest vertex/edge in this class. The bounded max-vertex/edge-coloring problems ask for…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2009-04-13 Evripidis Bampis , Alexander Kononov , Giorgio Lucarelli , Ioannis Milis

A proper vertex-colouring of a graph G is said to be locally identifying if for any pair u,v of adjacent vertices with distinct closed neighbourhoods, the sets of colours in the closed neighbourhoods of u and v are different. We show that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-05-04 Florent Foucaud , Iiro Honkala , Tero Laihonen , Aline Parreau , Guillem Perarnau

A b-coloring of the vertices of a graph is a proper coloring where each color class contains a vertex which is adjacent to at least one vertex in each other color class. The b-chromatic number of $G$ is the maximum integer $b(G)$ for which…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-11-18 Victor Campos , Ana Silva

The problem of finding the minimum number of colors to color a graph properly without containing any bicolored copy of a fixed family of subgraphs has been widely studied. Most well-known examples are star coloring and acyclic coloring of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-11-09 Alaittin Kırtışoğlu , Lale Özkahya

Coloring a graph $G$ consists in finding an assignment of colors $c: V(G)\to\{1,\ldots,p\}$ such that any pair of adjacent vertices receives different colors. The minimum integer $p$ such that a coloring exists is called the chromatic…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2019-12-25 Théo Pierron

A $k$-star colouring of a graph $G$ is a function $f:V(G)\to\{0,1,\dots,k-1\}$ such that $f(u)\neq f(v)$ for every edge $uv$ of $G$, and every bicoloured connected subgraph of $G$ is a star. The star chromatic number of $G$, $\chi_s(G)$, is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-09-11 Shalu M. A. , Cyriac Antony

Given a graph $G$ and an integer $p$, a coloring $f : V(G) \to \mathbb{N}$ is \emph{$p$-centered} if for every connected subgraph $H$ of $G$, either $f$ uses more than $p$ colors on $H$ or there is a color that appears exactly once in $H$.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-22 Loïc Dubois , Gwenaël Joret , Guillem Perarnau , Marcin Pilipczuk , François Pitois

A strong edge-coloring of a graph $G$ is an edge-coloring such that any two edges of distance at most two receive distinct colors. The minimum number of colors we need in order to give $G$ a strong edge-coloring is called the strong…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-30 Runze Wang

For a fixed property (graph class) ${\Pi}$, given a graph G and an integer k, the ${\Pi}$-deletion problem consists in deciding if we can turn $G$ into a graph with the property ${\Pi}$ by deleting at most $k$ edges. The ${\Pi}$-deletion…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2023-07-14 Ivo Koch , Nina Pardal , Vinicius Fernandes dos Santos

In this paper we study the number of vertex recolorings that an algorithm needs to perform in order to maintain a proper coloring of a graph under insertion and deletion of vertices and edges. We present two algorithms that achieve…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-06-26 Luis Barba , Jean Cardinal , Matias Korman , Stefan Langerman , André van Renssen , Marcel Roeloffzen , Sander Verdonschot

A strong $k$-edge-coloring of a graph G is an edge-coloring with $k$ colors in which every color class is an induced matching. The strong chromatic index of $G$, denoted by $\chi'_{s}(G)$, is the minimum $k$ for which $G$ has a strong…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-09-11 Tianjiao Dai , Guanghui Wang , Donglei Yang , Gexin Yu

The weak $r$-coloring numbers $wcol_r(G)$ of a graph $G$ were introduced by the first two authors as a generalization of the usual coloring number $col(G)$, and have since found interesting theoretical and algorithmic applications. This has…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-02-11 H. A. Kierstead , Daqing Yang , Junjun Yi