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Computer systems often provide hardware support for isolation mechanisms like privilege levels, virtual memory, or enclaved execution. Over the past years, several successful software-based side-channel attacks have been developed that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-01-30 Matteo Busi , Job Noorman , Jo Van Bulck , Letterio Galletta , Pierpaolo Degano , Jan Tobias Mühlberg , Frank Piessens

In this paper, we reveal the existence of a new class of prefetcher, the XPT prefetcher, in the modern Intel processors which has never been officially documented. It speculatively issues a load, bypassing last-level cache (LLC) lookups,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Yun Chen , Ali Hajiabadi , Lingfeng Pei , Trevor E. Carlson

Modern multi-core processors share cache resources for maximum cache utilization and performance gains. However, this leaves the cache vulnerable to side-channel attacks, where timing differences in shared cache behavior are exploited to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-09-23 Ghada Dessouky , Tommaso Frassetto , Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi

We present a new hardware-agnostic side-channel attack that targets one of the most fundamental software caches in modern computer systems: the operating system page cache. The page cache is a pure software cache that contains all…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-01-07 Daniel Gruss , Erik Kraft , Trishita Tiwari , Michael Schwarz , Ari Trachtenberg , Jason Hennessey , Alex Ionescu , Anders Fogh

Microarchitectural side channel attacks have been very prominent in security research over the last few years. Caches have been an outstanding covert channel, as they provide high resolution and generic cross-core leakage even with simple…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-08-28 Samira Briongos , Ida Bruhns , Pedro Malagón , Thomas Eisenbarth , José M. Moya

We present a software approach to mitigate access-driven side-channel attacks that leverage last-level caches (LLCs) shared across cores to leak information between security domains (e.g., tenants in a cloud). Our approach dynamically…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-03-18 Ziqiao Zhou , Michael K. Reiter , Yinqian Zhang

Last-level cache side-channel attacks have been mostly demonstrated in highly-controlled, quiescent local environments. Hence, it is unclear whether such attacks are feasible in a production cloud environment. In the cloud, side channels…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Zirui Neil Zhao , Adam Morrison , Christopher W. Fletcher , Josep Torrellas

Dynamic partial reconfiguration enables multi-tenancy in cloud-based FPGAs, which presents security challenges for tenants, IPs, and data. Malicious users can exploit FPGAs for remote side-channel attacks (SCAs), and shared on-chip…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Mahya Morid Ahmadi , Faiq Khalid , Radha Vaidya , Florian Kriebel , Andreas Steininger , Muhammad Shafique

The Intel Software Guard Extensions (SGX) technology enables applications to run in an isolated SGX enclave environment, with elevated confidentiality and integrity guarantees. Gramine Library OS facilitates execution of existing unmodified…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-04 Dmitrii Kuvaiskii , Gaurav Kumar , Mona Vij

Intel(R) Software Guard Extensions (Intel(R) SGX) is a promising technology to securely process information in otherwise untrusted environments. An important aspect of Intel SGX is the ability to perform remote attestation to assess the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-07-29 Thomas Knauth , Michael Steiner , Somnath Chakrabarti , Li Lei , Cedric Xing , Mona Vij

The cloud computing landscape has evolved significantly in recent years, embracing various sandboxes to meet the diverse demands of modern cloud applications. These sandboxes encompass container-based technologies like Docker and gVisor,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Debopriya Roy Dipta , Thore Tiemann , Berk Gulmezoglu , Eduard Marin , Thomas Eisenbarth

Mitigating memory-access attacks on the Intel SGX architecture is an important and open research problem. A natural notion of the mitigation is cache-miss obliviousness which requires the cache-misses emitted during an enclave execution are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-11-15 Ju Chen , Yuzhe Tang , Hao Zhou

FPGA-based hardware accelerators are becoming increasingly popular due to their versatility, customizability, energy efficiency, constant latency, and scalability. FPGAs can be tailored to specific algorithms, enabling efficient hardware…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Bharadwaj Madabhushi , Sandip Kundu , Daniel Holcomb

Intel SGX Guard eXtensions (SGX), a hardware-supported trusted execution environment (TEE), is designed to protect security-sensitive applications. However, since enclave applications are developed with memory unsafe languages such as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-14 Huibo Wang , Mingshen Sun , Qian Feng , Pei Wang , Tongxin Li , Yu Ding

Network slicing in 5G and the future 6G networks will enable the creation of multiple virtualized networks on a shared physical infrastructure. This innovative approach enables the provision of tailored networks to accommodate specific…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Wei Shao , Chandra Thapa , Rayne Holland , Sarah Ali Siddiqui , Seyit Camtepe

Modern x86 processors have many prefetch instructions that can be used by programmers to boost performance. However, these instructions may also cause security problems. In particular, we found that on Intel processors, there are two…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-18 Yanan Guo , Andrew Zigerelli , Youtao Zhang , Jun Yang

Caches are used to reduce the speed differential between the CPU and memory to improve the performance of modern processors. However, attackers can use contention-based cache timing attacks to steal sensitive information from victim…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Quancheng Wang , Xige Zhang , Han Wang , Yuzhe Gu , Ming Tang

Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) allow user processes to create enclaves that protect security-sensitive computation against access from the OS kernel and the hypervisor. Recent work has shown that TEEs are vulnerable to side-channel…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Shujie Cui , Haohua Li , Yuanhong Li , Zhi Zhang , Lluís Vilanova , Peter Pietzuch

Modern GPU applications, such as machine learning (ML), can only partially utilize GPUs, leading to GPU underutilization in cloud environments. Sharing GPUs across multiple applications from different tenants can improve resource…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Manos Pavlidakis , Giorgos Vasiliadis , Stelios Mavridis , Anargyros Argyros , Antony Chazapis , Angelos Bilas

Hardware-based Trusted execution environments (TEEs) offer an isolation granularity of virtual machine abstraction. They provide confidential VMs (CVMs) that host security-sensitive code and data. AMD SEV-SNP and Intel TDX enable CVMs and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Benedict Schlüter , Supraja Sridhara , Mark Kuhne , Andrin Bertschi , Shweta Shinde