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We show that if a graph is k-edge-connected, and we adjoin to it another graph satisfying a "contracted diameter less or equal to 2" condition, with minimal degree greater or equal to k, and some natural hypothesis on the edges connecting…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2008-12-18 José Ignacio Alvarez-Hamelin , Jorge Rodolfo Busch

In a drawing of a clustered graph vertices and edges are drawn as points and curves, respectively, while clusters are represented by simple closed regions. A drawing of a clustered graph is c-planar if it has no edge-edge, edge-region, or…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2014-02-19 Patrizio Angelini , Giordano Da Lozzo , Giuseppe Di Battista , Fabrizio Frati , Maurizio Patrignani , Vincenzo Roselli

A 2-nearly Platonic graph of type (k|d) is a k-regular planar graph with f faces, f-2 of which are of degree d and the remaining two are of degrees m_1;m_2, both different from d. Such a graph is called balanced if m_1=m_2. We show that all…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-03-02 D. Froncek , M. R. Khorsandi , S. R. Musawi , J. Qiu

A multigraph is exactly k-edge-connected if there are exactly k edge-disjoint paths between any pair of vertices. We characterize the class of exactly 3-edge-connected graphs, giving a synthesis involving two operations by which every…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-05-08 Carl Kingsford , Guillaume Marçais

We explore various techniques for counting the number of straight-edge crossing-free graphs that can be embedded on a planar point set. In particular, we derive a lower bound on the ratio of the number of such graphs with $m+1$ edges to the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-05-24 Siddharth Prasad

A string graph is an intersection graph of curves in the plane. A $k$-string graph is a graph with a string representation in which every pair of curves intersects in at most $k$ points. We introduce the class of $(=k)$-string graphs as a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-08-31 Petr Chmel , Vít Jelínek

A path in an edge-colored graph is called a proper path if no two adjacent edges of the path are colored with one same color. An edge-colored graph is called $k$-proper connected if any two vertices of the graph are connected by $k$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-07-13 Fei Huang , Xueliang Li , Shujing Wang

For a class $\mathcal{D}$ of drawings of loopless (multi-)graphs in the plane, a drawing $D \in \mathcal{D}$ is \emph{saturated} when the addition of any edge to $D$ results in $D' \notin \mathcal{D}$ - this is analogous to saturated graphs…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2021-08-30 Steven Chaplick , Fabian Klute , Irene Parada , Jonathan Rollin , Torsten Ueckerdt

Planar locally finite graphs which are almost vertex transitive are discussed. If the graph is 3-connected and has at most one end then the group of automorphisms is a planar discontinuous group and its structure is well-known. A general…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2009-05-08 M. J. Dunwoody

A k-tree is either a complete graph on (k+1) vertices or given a k-tree G' with n vertices, a k-tree G with (n+1) vertices can be constructed by introducing a new vertex v and picking a k-clique Q in G' and then joining each vertex u in Q.…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2011-03-25 Suresh Badarla , R Rama

Two cycles are {\em adjacent} if they have an edge in common. Suppose that $G$ is a planar graph, for any two adjacent cycles $C_{1}$ and $C_{2}$, we have $|C_{1}| + |C_{2}| \geq 11$, in particular, when $|C_{1}| = 5$, $|C_{2}| \geq 7$. We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-04-06 Tao Wang

We study the following classes of beyond-planar graphs: 1-planar, IC-planar, and NIC-planar graphs. These are the graphs that admit a 1-planar, IC-planar, and NIC-planar drawing, respectively. A drawing of a graph is 1-planar if every edge…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2019-08-12 Steven Chaplick , Fabian Lipp , Alexander Wolff , Johannes Zink

A graph is $1$-$planar$ if it can be drawn in the plane so that each edge is crossed by at most one other edge. Moreover, a 1-planar graph $G$ is $optimal$ if it satisfies $|E(G)|=4|V(G)|-8$. J. Fujisawa et al. [16] first considered…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-05-25 Jiangyue Zhang , Yan Wu , Heping Zhang

A multigraph drawn in the plane is non-homotopic if no two edges connecting the same pair of vertices can be continuously deformed into each other without passing through a vertex, and is $k$-crossing if every pair of edges…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-01-22 António Girão , Freddie Illingworth , Alex Scott , David R. Wood

We present a new model for hybrid planarity that relaxes existing hybrid representations. A graph $G = (V,E)$ is $(k,p)$-planar if $V$ can be partitioned into clusters of size at most $k$ such that $G$ admits a drawing where: (i) each…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-09-25 Emilio Di Giacomo , William J. Lenhart , Giuseppe Liotta , Timothy W. Randolph , Alessandra Tappini

We investigate straight-line drawings of topological graphs that consist of a planar graph plus one edge, also called almost-planar graphs. We present a characterization of such graphs that admit a straight-line drawing. The…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Peter Eades , Seok-Hee Hong , Giuseppe Liotta , Naoki Katoh , Sheung-Hung Poon

We study biplane graphs drawn on a finite planar point set $S$ in general position. This is the family of geometric graphs whose vertex set is $S$ and can be decomposed into two plane graphs. We show that two maximal biplane graphs---in the…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2017-08-10 Alfredo García , Ferran Hurtado , Matias Korman , Inês Matos , Maria Saumell , Rodrigo I. Silveira , Javier Tejel , Csaba D. Tóth

The interval number of a graph $G$ is the minimum $k$ such that one can assign to each vertex of $G$ a union of $k$ intervals on the real line, such that $G$ is the intersection graph of these sets, i.e., two vertices are adjacent in $G$ if…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-07-26 Guillaume Guégan , Kolja Knauer , Jonathan Rollin , Torsten Ueckerdt

An edge of a quasi $k$-connected graph is said to be quasi $k$-contractible if the contraction of the edge results in a quasi $k$-connected graph. If every quasi $k$-connected graph without a quasi $k$-contractible edge has either $H_{1}$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-13 Shuai Kou , Weihua Yang , Mingzu Zhang , Shuang Zhao

An octilinear drawing of a planar graph is one in which each edge is drawn as a sequence of horizontal, vertical and diagonal at 45 degrees line-segments. For such drawings to be readable, special care is needed in order to keep the number…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2015-12-16 Michael A. Bekos , Michael Kaufmann , Robert Krug