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A widely applied approach to causal inference from a non-experimental time series $X$, often referred to as "(linear) Granger causal analysis", is to regress present on past and interpret the regression matrix $\hat{B}$ causally. However,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-12-23 Philipp Geiger , Kun Zhang , Mingming Gong , Dominik Janzing , Bernhard Schölkopf

In many applications of finance, biology and sociology, complex systems involve entities interacting with each other. These processes have the peculiarity of evolving over time and of comprising latent factors, which influence the system…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-08-03 Federico Tomasi , Veronica Tozzo , Saverio Salzo , Alessandro Verri

We propose an approach for learning the causal structure in stochastic dynamical systems with a $1$-step functional dependency in the presence of latent variables. We propose an information-theoretic approach that allows us to recover the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-01-25 Saber Salehkaleybar , Jalal Etesami , Negar Kiyavash

Latent or unobserved phenomena pose a significant difficulty in data analysis as they induce complicated and confounding dependencies among a collection of observed variables. Factor analysis is a prominent multivariate statistical modeling…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-06-22 Armeen Taeb , Venkat Chandrasekaran

A structural vector autoregressive (SVAR) process is a linear causal model for variables that evolve over a discrete set of time points and between which there may be lagged and instantaneous effects. The qualitative causal structure of an…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-08-19 Nicolas-Domenic Reiter , Jonas Wahl , Andreas Gerhardus , Jakob Runge

We consider the setting where a collection of time series, modeled as random processes, evolve in a causal manner, and one is interested in learning the graph governing the relationships of these processes. A special case of wide interest…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-08-30 Hossein Hosseini , Sreeram Kannan , Baosen Zhang , Radha Poovendran

The vector autoregressive (VAR) model has been widely used for modeling temporal dependence in a multivariate time series. For large (and even moderate) dimensions, the number of AR coefficients can be prohibitively large, resulting in…

Applications · Statistics 2013-10-21 Richard A. Davis , Pengfei Zang , Tian Zheng

The paper proposes an identification procedure for autoregressive gaussian stationary stochastic processes wherein the manifest (or observed) variables are mostly related through a limited number of latent (or hidden) variables. The method…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-12-02 Mattia Zorzi , Rodolphe Sepulchre

Many network analysis and graph learning techniques are based on models of random walks which require to infer transition matrices that formalize the underlying stochastic process in an observed graph. For weighted graphs, it is common to…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-10-28 Vincenzo Perri , Luka V. Petrović , Ingo Scholtes

Identifying the topology underlying a set of time series is useful for tasks such as prediction, denoising, and data completion. Vector autoregressive (VAR) model-based topologies capture dependencies among time series and are often…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-30 Bakht Zaman , Luis Miguel Lopez Ramos , Baltasar Beferull-Lozano

Many complex dynamical phenomena can be effectively modeled by a system that switches among a set of conditionally linear dynamical modes. We consider two such models: the switching linear dynamical system (SLDS) and the switching vector…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-05-18 Emily B. Fox , Erik B. Sudderth , Michael I. Jordan , Alan S. Willsky

Causal inference in multivariate time series is challenging due to the fact that the sampling rate may not be as fast as the timescale of the causal interactions. In this context, we can view our observed series as a subsampled version of…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-04-11 Alex Tank , Emily B. Fox , Ali Shojaie

Our goal is to recover time-delayed latent causal variables and identify their relations from measured temporal data. Estimating causally-related latent variables from observations is particularly challenging as the latent variables are not…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-02-10 Weiran Yao , Yuewen Sun , Alex Ho , Changyin Sun , Kun Zhang

Complex systems, such as brains, markets, and societies, exhibit internal dynamics influenced by external factors. Disentangling delayed external effects from internal dynamics within these systems is often challenging. We propose using a…

Vector Auto-Regressive (VAR) models capture lead-lag temporal dynamics of multivariate time series data. They have been widely used in macroeconomics, financial econometrics, neuroscience and functional genomics. In many applications, the…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-10-15 Peiliang Bai , Yue Bai , Abolfazl Safikhani , George Michailidis

In this paper we propose an identification method for latent-variable graphical models associated to autoregressive (AR) Gaussian stationary processes. The identification procedure exploits the approximation of AR processes through…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-09-06 Daniele Alpago , Mattia Zorzi , Augusto Ferrante

Extracting time-varying latent variables from computational cognitive models is a key step in model-based neural analysis, which aims to understand the neural correlates of cognitive processes. However, existing methods only allow…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Ti-Fen Pan , Jing-Jing Li , Bill Thompson , Anne Collins

We consider the problem of learning causal models from observational data generated by linear non-Gaussian acyclic causal models with latent variables. Without considering the effect of latent variables, one usually infers wrong causal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-13 Saber Salehkaleybar , AmirEmad Ghassami , Negar Kiyavash , Kun Zhang

Structural vector autoregressive (SVAR) models are widely used to analyze the simultaneous relationships between multiple time-dependent data. Various statistical inference methods have been studied to overcome the identification problems…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-03-18 Masato Shimokawa , Kou Fujimori

In data analysis, latent variables play a central role because they help provide powerful insights into a wide variety of phenomena, ranging from biological to human sciences. The latent tree model, a particular type of probabilistic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-02-05 Raphaël Mourad , Christine Sinoquet , Nevin L. Zhang , Tengfei Liu , Philippe Leray