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We propose a modular architecture for the lifelong learning of hierarchically structured tasks. Specifically, we prove that our architecture is theoretically able to learn tasks that can be solved by functions that are learnable given…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-22 Zihao Deng , Zee Fryer , Brendan Juba , Rina Panigrahy , Xin Wang

Understanding the structure of real data is paramount in advancing modern deep-learning methodologies. Natural data such as images are believed to be composed of features organized in a hierarchical and combinatorial manner, which neural…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-12-25 Antonio Sclocchi , Alessandro Favero , Matthieu Wyart

Deep learning is also known as hierarchical learning, where the learner _learns_ to represent a complicated target function by decomposing it into a sequence of simpler functions to reduce sample and time complexity. This paper formally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-10 Zeyuan Allen-Zhu , Yuanzhi Li

Deep directed generative models have attracted much attention recently due to their generative modeling nature and powerful data representation ability. In this paper, we review different structures of deep directed generative models and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-10-16 Siqi Nie , Meng Zheng , Qiang Ji

Compositional structures between parts and objects are inherent in natural scenes. Modeling such compositional hierarchies via unsupervised learning can bring various benefits such as interpretability and transferability, which are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-22 Fei Deng , Zhuo Zhi , Sungjin Ahn

Latent variable models for network data extract a summary of the relational structure underlying an observed network. The simplest possible models subdivide nodes of the network into clusters; the probability of a link between any two nodes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-07-03 Konstantina Palla , David Knowles , Zoubin Ghahramani

Well-calibrated probabilistic regression models are a crucial learning component in robotics applications as datasets grow rapidly and tasks become more complex. Unfortunately, classical regression models are usually either probabilistic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Hany Abdulsamad , Peter Nickl , Pascal Klink , Jan Peters

Deep convolutional networks have proven to be very successful in learning task specific features that allow for unprecedented performance on various computer vision tasks. Training of such networks follows mostly the supervised learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-06-22 Alexey Dosovitskiy , Philipp Fischer , Jost Tobias Springenberg , Martin Riedmiller , Thomas Brox

Deep networks, composed of multiple layers of hierarchical distributed representations, tend to learn low-level features in initial layers and transition to high-level features towards final layers. Paradigms such as transfer learning,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-30 Haytham M. Fayek , Lawrence Cavedon , Hong Ren Wu

Deep generative networks trained via maximum likelihood on a natural image dataset like CIFAR10 often assign high likelihoods to images from datasets with different objects (e.g., SVHN). We refine previous investigations of this failure at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Robin Tibor Schirrmeister , Yuxuan Zhou , Tonio Ball , Dan Zhang

Statistical learning in high-dimensional spaces is challenging without a strong underlying data structure. Recent advances with foundational models suggest that text and image data contain such hidden structures, which help mitigate the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-02-04 Charles Arnal , Clement Berenfeld , Simon Rosenberg , Vivien Cabannes

Over the past decade, deep learning has proven to be a highly effective tool for learning meaningful features from raw data. However, it remains an open question how deep networks perform hierarchical feature learning across layers. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Peng Wang , Xiao Li , Can Yaras , Zhihui Zhu , Laura Balzano , Wei Hu , Qing Qu

Recent years witness the tremendous success of generative adversarial networks (GANs) in synthesizing photo-realistic images. GAN generator learns to compose realistic images and reproduce the real data distribution. Through that, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-16 Yinghao Xu , Yujun Shen , Jiapeng Zhu , Ceyuan Yang , Bolei Zhou

How do neural language models acquire a language's structure when trained for next-token prediction? We address this question by deriving theoretical scaling laws for neural network performance on synthetic datasets generated by the Random…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Francesco Cagnetta , Alessandro Favero , Antonio Sclocchi , Matthieu Wyart

Inspired by the generation power of generative adversarial networks (GANs) in image domains, we introduce a novel hierarchical architecture for learning characteristic topological features from a single arbitrary input graph via GANs. The…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-10-10 Weiyi Liu , Hal Cooper , Min Hwan Oh , Sailung Yeung , Pin-Yu Chen , Toyotaro Suzumura , Lingli Chen

Inspired by the human ability to learn and organize knowledge into hierarchical taxonomies with prototypes, this paper addresses key limitations in current deep hierarchical clustering methods. Existing methods often tie the structure to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Zekun Wang , Ethan Haarer , Tianyi Zhu , Zhiyi Dai , Christopher J. MacLellan

Understanding how convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can efficiently learn high-dimensional functions remains a fundamental challenge. A popular belief is that these models harness the local and hierarchical structure of natural data such…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-06-02 Francesco Cagnetta , Alessandro Favero , Matthieu Wyart

The main success stories of deep learning, starting with ImageNet, depend on deep convolutional networks, which on certain tasks perform significantly better than traditional shallow classifiers, such as support vector machines, and also…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-26 Arturo Deza , Qianli Liao , Andrzej Banburski , Tomaso Poggio

For robots operating in the real world, it is desirable to learn reusable behaviours that can effectively be transferred and adapted to numerous tasks and scenarios. We propose an approach to learn abstract motor skills from data using a…

Recently, deep learning has achieved very promising results in visual object tracking. Deep neural networks in existing tracking methods require a lot of training data to learn a large number of parameters. However, training data is not…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-01-09 Li Wang , Ting Liu , Bing Wang , Xulei Yang , Gang Wang