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Neural networks are very popular in many areas, but great computing complexity makes it hard to run neural networks on devices with limited resources. To address this problem, quantization methods are used to reduce model size and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Qingyu Guo , Yuan Wang , Xiaoxin Cui

This paper aims at rapid deployment of the state-of-the-art deep neural networks (DNNs) to energy efficient accelerators without time-consuming fine tuning or the availability of the full datasets. Converting DNNs in full precision to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-10-15 Jun Haeng Lee , Sangwon Ha , Saerom Choi , Won-Jo Lee , Seungwon Lee

Multipliers are the most space and power-hungry arithmetic operators of the digital implementation of deep neural networks. We train a set of state-of-the-art neural networks (Maxout networks) on three benchmark datasets: MNIST, CIFAR-10…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-09-24 Matthieu Courbariaux , Yoshua Bengio , Jean-Pierre David

A low precision deep neural network training technique for producing sparse, ternary neural networks is presented. The technique incorporates hard- ware implementation costs during training to achieve significant model compression for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-10-11 Julian Faraone , Nicholas Fraser , Giulio Gambardella , Michaela Blott , Philip H. W. Leong

This work targets the automated minimum-energy optimization of Quantized Neural Networks (QNNs) - networks using low precision weights and activations. These networks are trained from scratch at an arbitrary fixed point precision. At…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-11-27 Bert Moons , Koen Goetschalckx , Nick Van Berckelaer , Marian Verhelst

Deep neural networks are typically too computationally expensive to run in real-time on consumer-grade hardware and low-powered devices. In this paper, we investigate reducing the computational and memory requirements of neural networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-15 Kimessha Paupamah , Steven James , Richard Klein

Quantised neural networks (QNNs) shrink models and reduce inference energy through low-bit arithmetic, yet most still depend on a running statistics batch normalisation (BN) layer, preventing true integer-only deployment. Prior attempts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Pengfei Sun , Wenyu Jiang , Piew Yoong Chee , Paul Devos , Dick Botteldooren

Post-training quantization (PTQ) for vision transformers (ViTs) has garnered significant attention due to its efficiency in compressing models. However, existing methods typically overlook the relationship between a well-trained NN and the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Peng Xia , Junbiao Pang , Tianyang Cai

Deep neural networks have enabled progress in a wide variety of applications. Growing the size of the neural network typically results in improved accuracy. As model sizes grow, the memory and compute requirements for training these models…

Batch normalization (BN) is a fundamental unit in modern deep networks, in which a linear transformation module was designed for improving BN's flexibility of fitting complex data distributions. In this paper, we demonstrate properly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Yuhui Xu , Lingxi Xie , Cihang Xie , Jieru Mei , Siyuan Qiao , Wei Shen , Hongkai Xiong , Alan Yuille

Data-free quantization is a task that compresses the neural network to low bit-width without access to original training data. Most existing data-free quantization methods cause severe performance degradation due to inaccurate activation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Yefei He , Luoming Zhang , Weijia Wu , Hong Zhou

We introduce an algorithm where the individual bits representing the weights of a neural network are learned. This method allows training weights with integer values on arbitrary bit-depths and naturally uncovers sparse networks, without…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Cristian Ivan

Most of the weights in a Lightweight Neural Network have a value of zero, while the remaining ones are either +1 or -1. These universal approximators require approximately 1.1 bits/weight of storage, posses a quick forward pass and achieve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-12-18 Altaf H. Khan

Neural networks with low-precision weights and activations offer compelling efficiency advantages over their full-precision equivalents. The two most frequently discussed benefits of quantization are reduced memory consumption, and a faster…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-02-01 Angus Galloway , Graham W. Taylor , Medhat Moussa

Over the last few years, neural networks have started penetrating safety critical systems to take decisions in robots, rockets, autonomous driving car, etc. A problem is that these critical systems often have limited computing resources.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-02-24 Hanane Benmaghnia , Matthieu Martel , Yassamine Seladji

While neural networks have advanced the frontiers in many applications, they often come at a high computational cost. Reducing the power and latency of neural network inference is key if we want to integrate modern networks into edge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-16 Markus Nagel , Marios Fournarakis , Rana Ali Amjad , Yelysei Bondarenko , Mart van Baalen , Tijmen Blankevoort

While neural networks have advanced the frontiers in many machine learning applications, they often come at a high computational cost. Reducing the power and latency of neural network inference is vital to integrating modern networks into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-24 Sangeetha Siddegowda , Marios Fournarakis , Markus Nagel , Tijmen Blankevoort , Chirag Patel , Abhijit Khobare

Learning convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with low bitwidth is challenging because performance may drop significantly after quantization. Prior arts often discretize the network weights by carefully tuning hyper-parameters of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Chaofan Tao , Rui Lin , Quan Chen , Zhaoyang Zhang , Ping Luo , Ngai Wong

Bayesian neural networks (BNNs) are making significant progress in many research areas where decision-making needs to be accompanied by uncertainty estimation. Being able to quantify uncertainty while making decisions is essential for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-07 Martin Ferianc , Partha Maji , Matthew Mattina , Miguel Rodrigues

In this paper, we seek to tackle a challenge in training low-precision networks: the notorious difficulty in propagating gradient through a low-precision network due to the non-differentiable quantization function. We propose a solution by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-19 Bohan Zhuang , Lingqiao Liu , Mingkui Tan , Chunhua Shen , Ian Reid
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