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We performed numerical simulations of supersonic isothermal turbulence driven by mostly compressive large-scale forcing, using both a static grid and adaptive mesh refinement with an effective resolution N=768^3. After a transient phase…

The properties of supersonic isothermal turbulence influence a variety of astrophysical phenomena, including the structure and evolution of star forming clouds. This work presents a simple model for the structure of dense regions in…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-02-28 Brant Robertson , Peter Goldreich

Supersonic flows in the interstellar medium (ISM) are believed to be a key driver of the molecular cloud formation and evolution. Among molecular clouds' properties, the ratio between the solenoidal and compressive modes of turbulence plays…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-05-18 Masato I. N. Kobayashi , Tsuyoshi Inoue , Kengo Tomida , Kazunari Iwasaki , Hiroki Nakatsugawa

The probability distribution of density in isothermal, supersonic, turbulent gas is approximately lognormal. This behaviour can be traced back to the shock waves travelling through the medium, which randomly adjust the density by a random…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-10-20 Branislav Rabatin , David C. Collins

The probability density function (PDF) of the gas density in subsonic and supersonic, isothermal, driven turbulence is analyzed with a systematic set of hydrodynamical grid simulations with resolutions up to 1024^3 cells. We performed a…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-27 Lukas Konstandin , Philipp Girichidis , Christoph Federrath , Ralf S. Klessen

Observations indicate that turbulence in the interstellar medium (ISM) is supersonic ($M_{\rm turb}\gg1$) and strongly magnetized ($\beta\sim0.01-1$), while in the intracluster medium (ICM) it is subsonic ($M_{\rm turb}\lesssim1$) and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-03-09 Hyunjin Cho , Dongsu Ryu , Hyesung Kang

We study, by means of adaptive mesh refinement hydro- and magnetohydrodynamical simulations that cover a wide range of scales (from kpc to sub-parsec), the dimension of the most dissipative structures and the injection scale of the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Miguel A. de Avillez , Dieter Breitschwerdt

We explore the structure and statistics of multiphase, magnetized ISM turbulence in the local Milky Way by means of driven periodic box numerical MHD simulations. Using the higher order-accurate piecewise-parabolic method on a local stencil…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-06-19 Alexei G. Kritsuk , Sergey D. Ustyugov , Michael L. Norman

It is widely accepted that supersonic, magnetised turbulence plays a fundamental role for star formation in molecular clouds. It produces the initial dense gas seeds out of which new stars can form. However, the exact relation between gas…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2012-04-13 F. Z. Molina , S. C. O. Glover , C. Federrath , R. S. Klessen

Compressive isothermal turbulence is known to have a near lognormal density probability distribution function (PDF) with a width that scales with the sonic Mach number and nature of the turbulent driving (solenoidal vs compressive).…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-11-06 Philip Mocz , Blakesley Burkhart

Shocks form the basis of our understanding for the density and velocity statistics of supersonic turbulent flows, such as those found in the cool interstellar medium (ISM). The variance of the density field, $\sigma^2_{\rho/\rho_0}$, is of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-04-28 James R. Beattie , Philip Mocz , Christoph Federrath , Ralf S. Klessen

The probability density function (PDF) of the gas density in turbulent supersonic flows is investigated with high-resolution numerical simulations. In a systematic study, we compare the density statistics of compressible turbulence driven…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Christoph Federrath , Ralf S. Klessen , Wolfram Schmidt

This paper investigates the statistical properties of isothermal turbulence in both the subsonic and supersonic regimes. The focus is on the influence of the Mach number ($Ma$) and the Reynolds number ($Re$) on both the space-local and…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-10-16 F. Thiesset , C. Federrath

The interstellar medium (ISM) is ubiquitously turbulent across many physically distinct environments within the Galaxy. Turbulence is key in controlling the structure and dynamics of the ISM, regulating star formation, and transporting…

We discuss HD and MHD compressible turbulence as a cloud-forming and cloud-structuring mechanism in the ISM. Results from a numerical model of the turbulent ISM at large scales suggest that the phase-like appearance of the medium, the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Enrique Vazquez-Semadeni , Thierry Passot

Supersonic turbulence results in strong density fluctuations in the interstellar medium (ISM), which have a profound effect on the chemical structure. Particularly useful probes of the diffuse ISM are the ArH$^+$, OH$^+$, H$_2$O$^+$…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-11-12 Shmuel Bialy , David Neufeld , Mark Wolfire , Amiel Sternberg , Blakesley Burkhart

Supersonic turbulence is a large reservoir of suprathermal energy in the interstellar medium. Its dissipation, because it is intermittent in space and time, can deeply modify the chemistry of the gas. We further explore a hybrid method to…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2009-11-13 Benjamin Godard , Edith Falgarone , Guillaume Pineau Des Forêts

We study the statistics of density for supersonic turbulence in a medium with magnetic pressure larger than the gaseous pressure. This study is motivated by molecular cloud research. Our simulations exhibit clumpy density structures, which…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 A. Beresnyak , A. Lazarian , J. Cho

{We study in some details the statistical properties of the turbulent 2-phase interstellar atomic gas.{We present high resolution bidimensional numerical simulations of the interstellar atomic hydrogen which describe it over 3 to 4 orders…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 P. Hennebelle , E. Audit

The density distribution of supersonic isothermal turbulence plays a critical role in many astrophysical systems. It is commonly approximated by a lognormal distribution with a variance of $\sigma_{s,{\rm V}}^2 \approx \ln(1 + b^2 M_{\rm…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-01-15 Evan Scannapieco , Marcus Brüggen , Philipp Grete , Liubin Pan
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