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We present the science case, reference design, and project plan for the Stage-4 ground-based cosmic microwave background experiment CMB-S4.

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-07-11 Kevork Abazajian , Graeme Addison , Peter Adshead , Zeeshan Ahmed , Steven W. Allen , David Alonso , Marcelo Alvarez , Adam Anderson , Kam S. Arnold , Carlo Baccigalupi , Kathy Bailey , Denis Barkats , Darcy Barron , Peter S. Barry , James G. Bartlett , Ritoban Basu Thakur , Nicholas Battaglia , Eric Baxter , Rachel Bean , Chris Bebek , Amy N. Bender , Bradford A. Benson , Edo Berger , Sanah Bhimani , Colin A. Bischoff , Lindsey Bleem , Sebastian Bocquet , Kimberly Boddy , Matteo Bonato , J. Richard Bond , Julian Borrill , François R. Bouchet , Michael L. Brown , Sean Bryan , Blakesley Burkhart , Victor Buza , Karen Byrum , Erminia Calabrese , Victoria Calafut , Robert Caldwell , John E. Carlstrom , Julien Carron , Thomas Cecil , Anthony Challinor , Clarence L. Chang , Yuji Chinone , Hsiao-Mei Sherry Cho , Asantha Cooray , Thomas M. Crawford , Abigail Crites , Ari Cukierman , Francis-Yan Cyr-Racine , Tijmen de Haan , Gianfranco de Zotti , Jacques Delabrouille , Marcel Demarteau , Mark Devlin , Eleonora Di Valentino , Matt Dobbs , Shannon Duff , Adriaan Duivenvoorden , Cora Dvorkin , William Edwards , Joseph Eimer , Josquin Errard , Thomas Essinger-Hileman , Giulio Fabbian , Chang Feng , Simone Ferraro , Jeffrey P. Filippini , Raphael Flauger , Brenna Flaugher , Aurelien A. Fraisse , Andrei Frolov , Nicholas Galitzki , Silvia Galli , Ken Ganga , Martina Gerbino , Murdock Gilchriese , Vera Gluscevic , Daniel Green , Daniel Grin , Evan Grohs , Riccardo Gualtieri , Victor Guarino , Jon E. Gudmundsson , Salman Habib , Gunther Haller , Mark Halpern , Nils W. Halverson , Shaul Hanany , Kathleen Harrington , Masaya Hasegawa , Matthew Hasselfield , Masashi Hazumi , Katrin Heitmann , Shawn Henderson , Jason W. Henning , J. Colin Hill , Renée Hlozek , Gil Holder , William Holzapfel , Johannes Hubmayr , Kevin M. Huffenberger , Michael Huffer , Howard Hui , Kent Irwin , Bradley R. Johnson , Doug Johnstone , William C. Jones , Kirit Karkare , Nobuhiko Katayama , James Kerby , Sarah Kernovsky , Reijo Keskitalo , Theodore Kisner , Lloyd Knox , Arthur Kosowsky , John Kovac , Ely D. Kovetz , Steve Kuhlmann , Chao-lin Kuo , Nadine Kurita , Akito Kusaka , Anne Lahteenmaki , Charles R. Lawrence , Adrian T. Lee , Antony Lewis , Dale Li , Eric Linder , Marilena Loverde , Amy Lowitz , Mathew S. Madhavacheril , Adam Mantz , Frederick Matsuda , Philip Mauskopf , Jeff McMahon , Matthew McQuinn , P. Daniel Meerburg , Jean-Baptiste Melin , Joel Meyers , Marius Millea , Joseph Mohr , Lorenzo Moncelsi , Tony Mroczkowski , Suvodip Mukherjee , Moritz Münchmeyer , Daisuke Nagai , Johanna Nagy , Toshiya Namikawa , Federico Nati , Tyler Natoli , Mattia Negrello , Laura Newburgh , Michael D. Niemack , Haruki Nishino , Martin Nordby , Valentine Novosad , Paul O'Connor , Georges Obied , Stephen Padin , Shivam Pandey , Bruce Partridge , Elena Pierpaoli , Levon Pogosian , Clement Pryke , Giuseppe Puglisi , Benjamin Racine , Srinivasan Raghunathan , Alexandra Rahlin , Srini Rajagopalan , Marco Raveri , Mark Reichanadter , Christian L. Reichardt , Mathieu Remazeilles , Graca Rocha , Natalie A. Roe , Anirban Roy , John Ruhl , Maria Salatino , Benjamin Saliwanchik , Emmanuel Schaan , Alessandro Schillaci , Marcel M. Schmittfull , Douglas Scott , Neelima Sehgal , Sarah Shandera , Christopher Sheehy , Blake D. Sherwin , Erik Shirokoff , Sara M. Simon , Anze Slosar , Rachel Somerville , David Spergel , Suzanne T. Staggs , Antony Stark , Radek Stompor , Kyle T. Story , Chris Stoughton , Aritoki Suzuki , Osamu Tajima , Grant P. Teply , Keith Thompson , Peter Timbie , Maurizio Tomasi , Jesse I. Treu , Matthieu Tristram , Gregory Tucker , Caterina Umiltà , Alexander van Engelen , Joaquin D. Vieira , Abigail G. Vieregg , Mark Vogelsberger , Gensheng Wang , Scott Watson , Martin White , Nathan Whitehorn , Edward J. Wollack , W. L. Kimmy Wu , Zhilei Xu , Siavash Yasini , James Yeck , Ki Won Yoon , Edward Young , Andrea Zonca

The search for the B-mode polarization of Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) is the new frontier of observational Cosmology. A B-mode detection would give an ultimate confirmation to the existence of a primordial Gravitational Wave (GW)…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2017-09-15 Alessandro Buzzelli , Giancarlo de Gasperis , Paolo de Bernardis , Silvia Masi , Nicola Vittorio

We propose the implementation of an imaging telescope in combination with an inter-frequency calibrator to measure the spectral shape of the microwave sky by exploiting the differences in the sky intensity between multiple pairs of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-02-25 Suvodip Mukherjee , Joseph Silk , Benjamin D. Wandelt

We investigate the science goals achievable with the upcoming generation of ground-based Cosmic Microwave Background polarization experiments and calculate the optimal sky coverage for such an experiment including the effects of…

We describe a space-borne, multi-band, multi-beam polarimeter aiming at a precise and accurate measurement of the polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background. The instrument is optimized to be compatible with the strict budget…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-13 P. de Bernardis , P. A. R. Ade , J. J. A. Baselmans , E. S. Battistelli , A. Benoit , M. Bersanelli , A. Bideaud , M. Calvo , F. J. Casas , G. Castellano , A. Catalano , I. Charles , I. Colantoni , F. Columbro , A. Coppolecchia , M. Crook , G. D'Alessandro , M. De Petris , J. Delabrouille , S. Doyle , C. Franceschet , A. Gomez , J. Goupy , S. Hanany , M. Hills , L. Lamagna , J. Macias-Perez , B. Maffei , S. Martin , E. Martinez-Gonzalez , S. Masi , D. McCarthy , A. Mennella , A. Monfardini , F. Noviello , A. Paiella , F. Piacentini , M. Piat , G. Pisano , G. Signorelli , C. Y. Tan , A. Tartari , N. Trappe , S. Triqueneaux , C. Tucker , G. Vermeulen , K. Young , M. Zannoni , A. Achúcarro , R. Allison , M. Ashdown , M. Ballardini , A. J. Banday , R. Banerji , J. Bartlett , N. Bartolo , S. Basak , A. Bonaldi , M. Bonato , J. Borrill , F. Bouchet , F. Boulanger , T. Brinckmann , M. Bucher , C. Burigana , A. Buzzelli , Z. Y. Cai , C. S. Carvalho , A. Challinor , J. Chluba , S. Clesse , G. De Gasperis , G. De Zotti , E. Di Valentino , J. M. Diego , J. Errard , S. Feeney , R. Fernandez-Cobos , F. Finelli , F. Forastieri , S. Galli , R. Génova-Santos , M. Gerbino , J. González-Nuevo , S. Hagstotz , J. Greenslade , W. Handley , C. Hernández-Monteagudo , C. Hervias-Caimapo , E. Hivon , K. Kiiveri , T. Kisner , T. Kitching , M. Kunz , H. Kurki-Suonio , A. Lasenby , M. Lattanzi , J. Lesgourgues , A. Lewis , M. Liguori , V. Lindholm , G. Luzzi , C. J. A. P. Martins , A. Melchiorri , J. B. Melin , D. Molinari , P. Natoli , M. Negrello , A. Notari , D. Paoletti , G. Patanchon , L. Polastri , G. Polenta , A. Pollo , V. Poulin , M. Quartin , M. Remazeilles , M. Roman , J. A. Rubiño-Martín , L. Salvati , M. Tomasi , D. Tramonte , T. Trombetti , J. Väliviita , R. Van de Weijgaert , B. van Tent , V. Vennin , P. Vielva , N. Vittorio

The Planck experiment will soon provide a very accurate measurement of Cosmic Microwave Background anisotropies. This will let cosmologists determine most of the cosmological parameters with unprecedented accuracy. Future experiments will…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2010-12-24 Silvia Galli , Matteo Martinelli , Alessandro Melchiorri , Luca Pagano , Blake D. Sherwin , David N. Spergel

The next generation low-frequency radio telescopes may probe cosmological models by means of observations of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). I discuss the prospects for observations of CMB imprints - recombination lines from the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 R. Subrahmanyan

This is a very exciting time for the CMB field. It is widely recognized that precision measurements of the CMB can provide a definitive test of cosmological models and determine their parameters accurately. At present observations give us…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 George F. Smoot

The observation of the polarised emission from the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) from future ground-based and satellite-borne experiments holds the promise of indirectly detecting the elusive signal from primordial tensor fluctuations…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-22 Susanna Azzoni , David Alonso , Maximilian H. Abitbol , Josquin Errard , Nicoletta Krachmalnicoff

First results of a Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) anisotropy experiment conducted at the Observatorio del Teide (Tenerife, Spain) are presented. The instrument is a four channel (3.1, 2.1, 1.3 and 1.1 mm) $^3$He bolometer system coupled…

We present a joint cosmological analysis combining data from the Planck satellite, the Atacama Cosmology Telescope, and the South Pole Telescope. We construct a unified likelihood that reproduces the measured temperature and polarisation…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-24 M. Tristram , M. Douspis , A. Gorce , S. Henrot-Versillé , L. T. Hergt , S. Ilic , L. McBride , M. Muñoz-Echeverría , E. Pointecouteau , L. Salvati

The polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) provides a plethora of information about the early universe. Most notably, gravitational waves from the Inflationary epoch (the leading explanation of the origin of the universe)…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-06-02 Jonathan Kaufman , Brian Keating , David Leon

Over the past decade, the gravitational lensing of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) has become a powerful tool for probing the matter distribution in the Universe. The standard technique used to reconstruct the CMB lensing signal…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-06-02 Boryana Hadzhiyska , Blake D. Sherwin , Mathew Madhavacheril , Simone Ferraro

We apply state-of-the art data analysis methods to a number of fictitious CMB mapping experiments, including 1/f noise, distilling the cosmological information from time-ordered data to maps to power spectrum estimates, and find that in all…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Max Tegmark

Precise measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) are crucial in cosmology, because any proposed model of the universe must account for the features of this radiation. Of all CMB measurements that the scientific community has…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2013-07-08 Claudia Nones , Stefanos Marnieros , Alain Benoit , Laurent Bergé , Aurelien Bideau , Philippe Camus , Louis Dumoulin , Alessandro Monfardini , Olivier Rigaut

We investigate the degree to which the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) can be used to constrain primordial non-Gaussianity coming from the presence of spinning particles coupled to the inflaton. We compute the $\langle TTT \rangle$ and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-09 Lorenzo Bordin , Giovanni Cabass

Contemporary cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments typically have observing bands covering the range 20 - 800 GHz. Certain science goals, including the detection of $\mu$-type distortions to the CMB spectrum and the characterization…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-06-07 David Zegeye , Thomas Crawford , Jens Chluba , Mathieu Remazeilles , Keith Grainge
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