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Standard Transformers have a fixed computational depth, fundamentally limiting their ability to generalize to tasks requiring variable-depth reasoning, such as multi-hop graph traversal or nested logic. We propose a depth-recurrent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Hung-Hsuan Chen

Linear extended top-down tree transducers (or synchronous tree-substitution grammars) are popular formal models of tree transformations. The expressive power of compositions of such transducers with and without regular look-ahead is…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2013-01-09 Zoltán Fülöp , Andreas Maletti

Pebble transducers are nested two-way transducers which can drop marks (named "pebbles") on their input word. Blind transducers have been introduced by Nguy\^en et al. as a subclass of pebble transducers, which can nest two-way transducers…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-10-03 Gaëtan Douéneau-Tabot

In this paper, we first study the conversion of weighted two-way automata to one-way automata. We show that this conversion preserves the unambiguity but does not preserve the determinism. Yet, we prove that the conversion of an unambiguous…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-05-23 Vincent Carnino , Sylvain Lombardy

We give a new, and hopefully more easily understandable, structural proof of the decomposition of a $k$-valued transducer into $k$ unambiguous functional ones, a result established by A. Weber in 1996. Our construction is based on a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2008-02-21 Jacques Sakarovitch , Rodrigo De Souza

Transformer-based language models have demonstrated impressive capabilities across a range of complex reasoning tasks. Prior theoretical work exploring the expressive power of transformers has shown that they can efficiently perform…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Zixuan Wang , Eshaan Nichani , Alberto Bietti , Alex Damian , Daniel Hsu , Jason D. Lee , Denny Wu

A relational structure is called reversible iff every bijective endomorphism of that structure is an automorphism. We give several equivalents of that property in the class of disconnected binary structures and some its subclasses. For…

Logic · Mathematics 2017-11-07 Miloš S. Kurilić , Nenad Morača

The question whether P equals NP revolves around the discrepancy between active production and mere verification by Turing machines. In this paper, we examine the analogous problem for finite transducers and automata. Every nondeterministic…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-05-03 Elisabet Burjons , Fabian Frei , Martin Raszyk

We answer an open question in the theory of transducer degrees initially posed in [3], on the structure of polynomial transducer degrees, in particular the question of what degrees, if any, lie below the degree of $n^3$. Transducer degrees…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-11-15 Noah Kaufmann

Standard Transformers excel at semantic modeling but struggle with rigid sequential logic and state tracking. Theoretical work establishes that self-attention is limited to $\AC^0$ (under hard attention) or $\TC^0$ (under soft attention),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Mehryar Mohri

Finite (word) state transducers extend finite state automata by defining a binary relation over finite words, called rational relation. If the rational relation is the graph of a function, this function is said to be rational. The class of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Emmanuel Filiot , Ismaël Jecker , Khushraj Madnani , Saina Sunny

Superconducting circuits consisting of a few low-anharmonic transmons coupled to readout and bus resonators can perform basic quantum computations. Since the number of qubits in such circuits is limited to not more than a few tens, the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-07-18 Mohammad H. Ansari

We consider the two dimensional unsteady Prandtl system. For a special class of outer Euler flows and solutions of the Prandtl system, the trace of the tangential derivative of the tangential velocity along the transversal axis solves a…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2022-04-08 Charles Collot , Tej-Eddine Ghoul , Slim Ibrahim , Nader Masmoudi

Reversible logic synthesis is a crucial component in quantum electronic design automation. While rule-based methodologies have gained prominence in reversible circuit optimization, the completeness of the transformation rule systems is a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-16 Shiguang Feng , Lvzhou Li

The problem of exactly differentiating a signal with bounded second derivative is considered. A class of differentiators is proposed, which converge to the derivative of such a signal within a fixed, i.e., a finite and uniformly bounded…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-10 Richard Seeber , Hernan Haimovich , Martin Horn , Leonid Fridman , Hernán De Battista

Inference in expressive probabilistic models is generally intractable, which makes them difficult to learn and limits their applicability. Sum-product networks are a class of deep models where, surprisingly, inference remains tractable even…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-11-14 Abram L. Friesen , Pedro Domingos

In reactive synthesis, the goal is to automatically generate an implementation from a specification of the reactive and non-terminating input/output behaviours of a system. Specifications are usually modelled as logical formulae or automata…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Léo Exibard , Emmanuel Filiot , Pierre-Alain Reynier

The widespread use of multi-sensor technology and the emergence of big datasets has highlighted the limitations of standard flat-view matrix models and the necessity to move towards more versatile data analysis tools. We show that…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2015-06-19 A. Cichocki , D. Mandic , A-H. Phan , C. Caiafa , G. Zhou , Q. Zhao , L. De Lathauwer

We study the construction of analytical non-radially solutions for the 1-dimensional compressible adiabatic Euler equations in this article. We could design the perturbational method to construct a new class of analytical solutions. In…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2011-10-05 Manwai Yuen

We consider equivalence and containment problems for word transductions. These problems are known to be undecidable when the transductions are relations between words realized by non-deterministic transducers, and become decidable when…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-10-08 Sougata Bose , Anca Muscholl , Vincent Penelle , Gabriele Puppis