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One of the fundamental results in computability is the existence of well-defined functions that cannot be computed. In this paper we study the effects of data representation on computability; we show that, while for each possible way of…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-06-30 Jaun Casanova , Simone Santini

We show that the embeddability relations for countable quandles and for countable fields of any given characteristic other than 2 are maximally complex in a strong sense: they are invariantly universal. This notion from the theory of Borel…

Logic · Mathematics 2020-07-21 Andrew D. Brooke-Taylor , Filippo Calderoni , Sheila K. Miller

Reversible computing is motivated by both pragmatic and foundational considerations arising from a variety of disciplines. We take a particular path through the development of reversible computation, emphasizing compositional reversible…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Jacques Carette , Chris Heunen , Robin Kaarsgaard , Amr Sabry

Let $Q=(q_n)_{n=1}^\infty$ be a sequence of bases with $q_i\ge 2$. In the case when the $q_i$ are slowly growing and satisfy some additional weak conditions, we provide a construction of a number whose $Q$-Cantor series expansion is both…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2014-09-19 Dylan Airey , Bill Mance , Joseph Vandehey

The concept of ``countable set'' is attributed to Georg Cantor, who set the boundary between countable and uncountable sets in 1874. The concept of ``computable set'' arose in the study of computing models in the 1930s by the founders of…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Hantao Zhang

The uncountability of $\mathbb{R}$ is one of its most basic properties, known far outside of mathematics. Cantor's 1874 proof of the uncountability of $\mathbb{R}$ even appears in the very first paper on set theory, i.e. a historical…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-06-26 Sam Sanders

Computable reducibility is a well-established notion that allows to compare the complexity of various equivalence relations over the natural numbers. We generalize computable reducibility by introducing degree spectra of reducibility and…

Logic · Mathematics 2018-10-09 Ekaterina Fokina , Dino Rossegger , Luca San Mauro

We provide a detailed study of two properties of spaces and pairs of spaces, the surjection property and the epsilon-surjection property, that were recently introduced to characterize the notion of computable type arising from computability…

General Topology · Mathematics 2024-07-10 Djamel Eddine Amir , Mathieu Hoyrup

We study the reverse mathematics of characterization theorems of regular countable second countable spaces (or $CSCS$ for short). We prove that arithmetic comprehension is equivalent over $\textbf{RCA}_0$ to every $T_3$ $CSCS$ being…

Logic · Mathematics 2024-10-30 Giorgio G. Genovesi

Every beginning real analysis student learns the classic Heine-Borel theorem, that the interval [0,1] is compact. In this article, we present a proof of this result that doesn't involve the standard techniques such as constructing a…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2008-09-12 Matthew Macauley , Brian Rabern , Landon Rabern

Typical arguments for results like Kleene's Second Recursion Theorem and the existence of self-writing computer programs bear the fingerprints of equational reasoning and combinatory logic. In fact, the connection of combinatory logic and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Lawrence S. Moss

We explain how to see finite combinatorics of preorders implicit in the {text} of basic topological definitions or arguments in (Bourbaki, General topology, Ch.I), and define a concise combinatorial notation such that complete definitions…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2024-10-01 Misha Gavrilovich

Solomonoff unified Occam's razor and Epicurus' principle of multiple explanations to one elegant, formal, universal theory of inductive inference, which initiated the field of algorithmic information theory. His central result is that the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2011-11-09 Marcus Hutter

Represented spaces form the general setting for the study of computability derived from Turing machines. As such, they are the basic entities for endeavors such as computable analysis or computable measure theory. The theory of represented…

Logic · Mathematics 2015-03-04 Arno Pauly

We consider reducibility of equivalence relations (ERs, for brevity), in a nonstandard domain, in terms of the Borel reducibility and the countably determined (CD, for brevity) reducibility. This reveals phenomena partially analogous to…

Logic · Mathematics 2018-08-16 Vladimir Kanovei , Michael Reeken

We investigate connections between resolvability and different forms of tightness. This study is adjacent to [1,2]. We construct a non-regular refinement $\tau^*$ of the natural topology of the real line $\mathbb{R}$ with properties such…

General Topology · Mathematics 2025-07-29 Anton Lipin

This note has several aims. Firstly, it portrays a non-standard analysis as a functor, namely a functor * that maps any set A to the set *A of its non-standard elements. That functor, from the category of sets to itself, is postulated to be…

Logic · Mathematics 2016-01-05 Eliahu Levy

Shapiro's notations for natural numbers, and the associated desideratum of acceptability - the property of a notation that all recursive functions are computable in it - is well-known in philosophy of computing. Computable structure theory,…

Logic · Mathematics 2022-05-03 Nikolay Bazhenov , Dariusz Kalociński

It is folklore particularly in numerical and computer sciences that, instead of solving some general problem f:A->B, additional structural information about the input x in A (that is any kind of promise that x belongs to a certain subset A'…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2009-09-02 Martin Ziegler

Pseudoentropy characterizations provide a quantitatively precise demonstration of the close relationship between computational hardness and computational randomness. We prove a unified pseudoentropy characterization that generalizes and…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Lunjia Hu , Salil Vadhan