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In this paper, we study the performance of variants of well-known Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures on different audio tasks. We show that tuning the Receptive Field (RF) of CNNs is crucial to their generalization. An…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-05-27 Khaled Koutini , Hamid Eghbal-zadeh , Gerhard Widmer

We investigate the performance on phoneme categorization and phoneme and word segmentation of several self-supervised learning (SSL) methods based on Contrastive Predictive Coding (CPC). Our experiments show that with the existing…

Attention-based methods and Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) network have been promising research directions for end-to-end Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR). The joint CTC/Attention model has achieved great success by utilizing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-13 Ruizhi Li , Xiaofei Wang , Sri Harish Mallidi , Takaaki Hori , Shinji Watanabe , Hynek Hermansky

Current state-of-the-art models for named entity recognition (NER) are neural models with a conditional random field (CRF) as the final layer. Entities are represented as per-token labels with a special structure in order to decode them…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-12 Brian Lester , Daniel Pressel , Amy Hemmeter , Sagnik Ray Choudhury , Srinivas Bangalore

In this paper, we propose a variety of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) based models for sequence tagging. These models include LSTM networks, bidirectional LSTM (BI-LSTM) networks, LSTM with a Conditional Random Field (CRF) layer (LSTM-CRF)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-08-11 Zhiheng Huang , Wei Xu , Kai Yu

Recently, several types of end-to-end speech recognition methods named transformer-transducer were introduced. According to those kinds of methods, transcription networks are generally modeled by transformer-based neural networks, while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Jae-Jin Jeon , Eesung Kim

End-to-end speech recognition models trained using joint Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC)-Attention loss have gained popularity recently. In these models, a non-autoregressive CTC decoder is often used at inference time due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Saket Dingliwal , Monica Sunkara , Sravan Bodapati , Srikanth Ronanki , Jeff Farris , Katrin Kirchhoff

Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) model is a very efficient method for modeling sequences, especially for speech data. In order to use CTC model as an Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) task, the beam search decoding with an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-28 Minkyu Jung , Ohhyeok Kwon , Seunghyun Seo , Soonshin Seo

Recent advances in unsupervised representation learning have demonstrated the impact of pretraining on large amounts of read speech. We adapt these techniques for domain adaptation in low-resource -- both in terms of data and compute --…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-14 Chak-Fai Li , Francis Keith , William Hartmann , Matthew Snover

Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) is a widely used criterion for training supervised sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) models. It enables learning the relations between input and output sequences, termed alignments, by marginalizing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Eliya Segev , Maya Alroy , Ronen Katsir , Noam Wies , Ayana Shenhav , Yael Ben-Oren , David Zar , Oren Tadmor , Jacob Bitterman , Amnon Shashua , Tal Rosenwein

The Conformer model is an excellent architecture for speech recognition modeling that effectively utilizes the hybrid losses of connectionist temporal classification (CTC) and attention to train model parameters. To improve the decoding…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-04-11 Nick J. C. Wang , Zongfeng Quan , Shaojun Wang , Jing Xiao

In this work, we describe a novel method of training an embedding-matching word-level connectionist temporal classification (CTC) automatic speech recognizer (ASR) such that it directly produces word start times and durations, required by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Woojay Jeon

Recent advances in semantic image segmentation have mostly been achieved by training deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs). We show how to improve semantic segmentation through the use of contextual information; specifically, we explore…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-06-07 Guosheng Lin , Chunhua Shen , Anton van dan Hengel , Ian Reid

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) is an active area of research which aims to utilize unlabelled data in order to improve the accuracy of speech recognition systems. The current study proposes a methodology for integration of two key ideas: 1)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-11 Prakhar Swarup , Debmalya Chakrabarty , Ashtosh Sapru , Hitesh Tulsiani , Harish Arsikere , Sri Garimella

In this work, we propose a new automatic speech recognition (ASR) system based on feature learning and an end-to-end training procedure for air traffic control (ATC) systems. The proposed model integrates the feature learning block,…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-11-05 Peng Fan , Dongyue Guo , Yi Lin , Bo Yang , Jianwei Zhang

The success of retrieval-augmented language models in various natural language processing (NLP) tasks has been constrained in automatic speech recognition (ASR) applications due to challenges in constructing fine-grained audio-text…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Jiaming Zhou , Shiwan Zhao , Yaqi Liu , Wenjia Zeng , Yong Chen , Yong Qin

This paper integrates a voice activity detection (VAD) function with end-to-end automatic speech recognition toward an online speech interface and transcribing very long audio recordings. We focus on connectionist temporal classification…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-16 Takenori Yoshimura , Tomoki Hayashi , Kazuya Takeda , Shinji Watanabe

The standard training method of Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) is very slow for large-scale applications. As an alternative, piecewise training divides the full graph into pieces, trains them independently, and combines the learned…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-12-05 Zhemin Zhu , Djoerd Hiemstra , Peter Apers , Andreas Wombacher

Frame stacking is broadly applied in end-to-end neural network training like connectionist temporal classification (CTC), and it leads to more accurate models and faster decoding. However, it is not well-suited to conventional neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-05-18 Xu Tian , Jun Zhang , Zejun Ma , Yi He , Juan Wei

Recent end-to-end Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems demonstrated the ability to outperform conventional hybrid DNN/ HMM ASR. Aside from architectural improvements in those systems, those models grew in terms of depth, parameters…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-06 Ludwig Kürzinger , Dominik Winkelbauer , Lujun Li , Tobias Watzel , Gerhard Rigoll