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Nearest Neighbor Search (NNS) has recently drawn a rapid increase of interest due to its core role in managing high-dimensional vector data in data science and AI applications. The interest is fueled by the success of neural embedding,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Zhen Peng , Minjia Zhang , Kai Li , Ruoming Jin , Bin Ren

Nearest neighbor search plays a fundamental role in many disciplines such as multimedia information retrieval, data-mining, and machine learning. The graph-based search approaches show superior performance over other types of approaches in…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Hui Wang , Yong Wang , Wan-Lei Zhao

High-performance implementations of $k$-Nearest Neighbor Search ($k$NN) in low dimensions use tree-based data structures. Tree algorithms are hard to parallelize on GPUs due to their irregularity. However, newer Nvidia GPUs offer hardware…

Graphics · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Durga Mandarapu , Vani Nagarajan , Artem Pelenitsyn , Milind Kulkarni

The problem of Approximate Nearest Neighbor (ANN) search is fundamental in computer science and has benefited from significant progress in the past couple of decades. However, most work has been devoted to pointsets whereas complex shapes…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Ioannis Z. Emiris , Ioannis Psarros

The in-memory approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) algorithms have achieved great success for fast high-recall query processing, but are extremely inefficient when handling hybrid queries with unstructured (i.e., feature vectors) and…

Databases · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Wei Wu , Junlin He , Yu Qiao , Guoheng Fu , Li Liu , Jin Yu

Approximate k-Nearest Neighbour (ANN) methods are often used for mining information and aiding machine learning on large scale high-dimensional datasets. ANN methods typically differ in the index structure used for accelerating searches,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Ben Harwood , Amir Dezfouli , Iadine Chades , Conrad Sanderson

Geometric Near-neighbor Access Tree (GNAT) is a metric space indexing method based on hierarchical hyperplane partitioning of the space. While GNAT is very efficient in proximity searching, it has a bad reputation of being a memory hog. We…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-05-23 Kimmo Fredriksson

A nearest-neighbor framework is a fundamental tool for various applications involving Large Language Models (LLMs) and Visual Language Models (VLMs). Vectors used for nearest-neighbor searches have richer information for similarity…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Shozo Saeki , Minoru Kawahara , Hirohisa Aman

Approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search in high-dimensional metric spaces is a fundamental problem with many applications. Over the past decade, proximity graph (PG)-based indexes have demonstrated superior empirical performance over…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Binhong Li , Xiao Yan , Shangqi Lu

Reverse k nearest neighbor (RkNN) queries are fundamental in spatial databases, location-based analytics, and recommendation systems. Existing state-of-the-art techniques rely on spatial pruning supported by R-trees and their variants.…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Zhengyang Bai , Peng Chen , Mohamed Wahib

Deep product quantization network (DPQN) has recently received much attention in fast image retrieval tasks due to its efficiency of encoding high-dimensional visual features especially when dealing with large-scale datasets. Recent studies…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-02-27 Yan Feng , Bin Chen , Tao Dai , Shutao Xia

Approximate Nearest neighbor search (ANNS) is fundamental and essential operation in applications from many domains, such as databases, machine learning, multimedia, and computer vision. Although many algorithms have been continuously…

Databases · Computer Science 2016-10-11 Wen Li , Ying Zhang , Yifang Sun , Wei Wang , Wenjie Zhang , Xuemin Lin

K Nearest Neighbor (KNN) joins are used in scientific domains for data analysis, and are building blocks of several well-known algorithms. KNN-joins find the KNN of all points in a dataset. This paper focuses on a hybrid CPU/GPU approach…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-11-19 Michael Gowanlock

Vector quantization-based approaches are successful to solve Approximate Nearest Neighbor (ANN) problems which are critical to many applications. The idea is to generate effective encodings to allow fast distance approximation. We propose…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-09-18 Shicong Liu , Junru Shao , Hongtao Lu

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) in high-dimensional vector spaces has a wide range of real-world applications. Numerous methods have been proposed to handle ANNS efficiently, while graph-based indexes have gained prominence due…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Zhonggen Li , Xiangyu Ke , Yifan Zhu , Bocheng Yu , Baihua Zheng , Yunjun Gao

We explore the use of GPU for accelerating large scale nearest neighbor search and we propose a fast vector-quantization-based exhaustive nearest neighbor search algorithm that can achieve high accuracy without any indexing construction…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-06 Xiaozheng Jian , Jianqiu Lu , Zexi Yuan , Ao Li

Template matching is a fundamental problem in computer vision with applications in fields including object detection, image registration, and object tracking. Current methods rely on nearest-neighbour (NN) matching, where the query feature…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Ankit Gupta , Ida-Maria Sintorn

Approximate Nearest Neighbour Search (ANNS) is a subroutine in algorithms routinely employed in information retrieval, pattern recognition, data mining, image processing, and beyond. Recent works have established that graph-based ANNS…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Karthik V. , Saim Khan , Somesh Singh , Harsha Vardhan Simhadri , Jyothi Vedurada

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) is a key retrieval technique for vector database and many data center applications, such as person re-identification and recommendation systems. It is also fundamental to retrieval augmented…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Yitu Wang , Shiyu Li , Qilin Zheng , Linghao Song , Zongwang Li , Andrew Chang , Hai "Helen" Li , Yiran Chen

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) is a core primitive in modern AI systems, and graph-based methods currently offer the best accuracy-efficiency trade-off at scale. The workload is fundamentally memory-bound: graph traversal…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Sitian Chen , Yusen Li , Yao Chen , Minwen Deng , Jintao Meng , Amelie Chi Zhou