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We show that for all integers $t\geq 8$ and arbitrarily small $\epsilon>0$, there exists a graph property $\Pi$ (which depends on $\epsilon$) such that $\epsilon$-testing $\Pi$ has non-adaptive query complexity $Q=\~{\Theta}(q^{2-2/t})$,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-06-27 Jeremy Hurwitz

A test is adaptive when its sequence and number of questions is dynamically tuned on the basis of the estimated skills of the taker. Graphical models, such as Bayesian networks, are used for adaptive tests as they allow to model the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Alessandro Antonucci , Francesca Mangili , Claudio Bonesana , Giorgia Adorni

We initiate a systematic study of the computational complexity of property testing, focusing on the relationship between query and time complexity. While traditional work in property testing has emphasized query complexity, relatively…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Renato Ferreira Pinto , Diptaksho Palit , Sofya Raskhodnikova

Equivalence testing, a fundamental problem in the field of distribution testing, seeks to infer if two unknown distributions on $[n]$ are the same or far apart in the total variation distance. Conditional sampling has emerged as a powerful…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Diptarka Chakraborty , Sourav Chakraborty , Gunjan Kumar , Kuldeep S. Meel

We theoretically explore the relationship between sample-efficiency and adaptivity in reinforcement learning. An algorithm is sample-efficient if it uses a number of queries $n$ to the environment that is polynomial in the dimension $d$ of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Emmeran Johnson , Ciara Pike-Burke , Patrick Rebeschini

We prove a general structural theorem for a wide family of local algorithms, which includes property testers, local decoders, and PCPs of proximity. Namely, we show that the structure of every algorithm that makes $q$ adaptive queries and…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Marcel Dall'Agnol , Tom Gur , Oded Lachish

In the $k$-nearest neighborhood model ($k$-NN), we are given a set of points $P$, and we shall answer queries $q$ by returning the $k$ nearest neighbors of $q$ in $P$ according to some metric. This concept is crucial in many areas of data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-03 Hendrik Fichtenberger , Dennis Rohde

We present several new examples of speed-ups obtainable by quantum algorithms in the context of property testing. First, motivated by sampling algorithms, we consider probability distributions given in the form of an oracle $f:[n]\to[m]$.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-05-13 Sourav Chakraborty , Eldar Fischer , Arie Matsliah , Ronald de Wolf

Property testers are fast, randomized "election polling"-type algorithms that determine if an input (e.g., graph or hypergraph) has a certain property or is $\varepsilon$-far from the property. In the dense graph model of property testing,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Lior Gishboliner , Asaf Shapira

We show here that every non-adaptive property testing algorithm making a constant number of queries, over a fixed alphabet, can be converted to a sample-based (as per [Goldreich and Ron, 2015]) testing algorithm whose average number of…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-04-06 Eldar Fischer , Oded Lachish , Yadu Vasudev

The Huge Object model is a distribution testing model in which we are given access to independent samples from an unknown distribution over the set of strings $\{0,1\}^n$, but are only allowed to query a few bits from the samples. We…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Tomer Adar , Eldar Fischer , Amit Levi

The classic exact pattern matching problem, given two strings -- a pattern $P$ of length $m$ and a text $T$ of length $n$ -- asks whether $P$ occurs as a substring of $T$. A property tester for the problem needs to distinguish (with high…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Ce Jin , Tomasz Kociumaka

A sequence $f\colon\{1,\dots,n\}\to\mathbb{R}$ contains a permutation $\pi$ of length $k$ if there exist $i_1<\dots<i_k$ such that, for all $x,y$, $f(i_x)<f(i_y)$ if and only if $\pi(x)<\pi(y)$; otherwise, $f$ is said to be $\pi$-free. In…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-10-31 Omri Ben-Eliezer , Clément L. Canonne

Adaptivity is an important feature of data analysis---the choice of questions to ask about a dataset often depends on previous interactions with the same dataset. However, statistical validity is typically studied in a nonadaptive model,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-11-10 Raef Bassily , Kobbi Nissim , Adam Smith , Thomas Steinke , Uri Stemmer , Jonathan Ullman

Adaptive online testing efficiently assesses examinee proficiency by dynamically adjusting the difficulty of test items based on their performance. To achieve this, items are selected so that their difficulty closely matches the test…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-21 Hideo Hirose

Property testing algorithms are highly efficient algorithms, that come with probabilistic accuracy guarantees. For a property P, the goal is to distinguish inputs that have P from those that are far from having P with high probability…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-09-17 Isolde Adler , Polly Fahey

The study of distribution testing has become ubiquitous in the area of property testing, both for its theoretical appeal, as well as for its applications in other fields of Computer Science. The original distribution testing model relies on…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-11-17 Sourav Chakraborty , Eldar Fischer , Arijit Ghosh , Gopinath Mishra , Sayantan Sen

Property Testing is a formal framework to study the computational power and complexity of sampling from combinatorial objects. A central goal in standard graph property testing is to understand which graph properties are testable with…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Artur Czumaj , Christian Sohler , Stefan Walzer

For a property $P$ and a sub-property $P'$, we say that $P$ is $P'$-partially testable with $q$ queries if there exists an algorithm that distinguishes, with high probability, inputs in $P'$ from inputs $\epsilon$-far from $P$ by using $q$…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2013-06-07 Eldar Fischer , Yonatan Goldhirsh , Oded Lachish

A function f : {0, 1}^n -> {0, 1} is said to be k-monotone if it flips between 0 and 1 at most k times on every ascending chain. Such functions represent a natural generalization of (1-)monotone functions, and have been recently studied in…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2018-06-05 Elena Grigorescu , Akash Kumar , Karl Wimmer
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