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Related papers: Nontrivial Turmites are Turing-universal

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The Universal Turing Machine (TM) is a model for VonNeumann computers --- general-purpose computers. A human brain can inside-skull-automatically learn a universal TM so that he acts as a general-purpose computer and writes a computer…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-03-28 Juyang Weng

To improve the explainability of leading Transformer networks used in NLP, it is important to tease apart genuine symbolic rules from merely associative input-output patterns. However, we identify several inconsistencies in how…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Tommi Gröndahl , Yujia Guo , N. Asokan

As an example of the concept of rulial space, we explore the case of simple Turing machines. We construct the rulial multiway graph which represents the behavior of all possible Turing machines with a certain class of rules. This graph…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2021-01-27 Stephen Wolfram

The paper explores known results related to the problem of identifying if a given program terminates on all inputs -- this is a simple generalization of the halting problem. We will see how this problem is related and the notion of proof…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2012-03-02 Rina Panigrahy

Turing Machines are universal computing machines in theory. It has been a long debate whether Turing Machines can simulate the consciousness mind behaviors in the materialistic universe. Three different hypotheses come out of such debate,…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2018-01-01 Hongbo Jia

We propose Token Turing Machines (TTM), a sequential, autoregressive Transformer model with memory for real-world sequential visual understanding. Our model is inspired by the seminal Neural Turing Machine, and has an external memory…

Turn-taking behaviour is simulated in a coupled agents system. Each agent is modelled as a mobile robot with two wheels. A recurrent neural network is used to produce the motor outputs and to hold the internal dynamics. Agents are developed…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2007-05-23 Hiroyuki Iizuka , Takashi Ikegami

In this article we study how a subshift can simulate another one, where the notion of simulation is given by operations on subshifts inspired by the dynamical systems theory (factor, projective subaction...). There exists a correspondence…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2016-02-22 Nathalie Aubrun , Mathieu Sablik

An algebraic representation of the Turing machines is given, where the configurations of Turing machines are represented by 4 order tensors, and the transition functions by 8 order tensors. Two types of tensor product are defined, one is to…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-07-14 Yue Liu

These notes derive aperiodic monotiles (arXiv:2303.10798) from a set of rhombuses with matching rules. This dual construction is used to simplify the proof of aperiodicity by considering the tiling as a colouring game on a Rhombille tiling.…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2024-03-05 James Smith

The topological snail is a geometric universal plane object, described by matrices in the projective special linear group with integer coefficients. It has many nice properties : in the case of three points, it natually defines a…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-10-01 Arnaud Dehove

To gain deeper insight into the dynamics of complex quantum systems we need a quantum leap in computer simulations. We can not translate quantum behaviour arising with superposition states or entanglement efficiently into the classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-02-28 Axel Friedenauer , Hector Schmitz , Jan Tibor Glückert , Diego Porras , Tobias Schätz

Algorithmic reasoning requires capabilities which are most naturally understood through recurrent models of computation, like the Turing machine. However, Transformer models, while lacking recurrence, are able to perform such reasoning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-03 Bingbin Liu , Jordan T. Ash , Surbhi Goel , Akshay Krishnamurthy , Cyril Zhang

Universality is one of the most important ideas in computability theory. There are various criteria of simplicity for universal Turing machines. Probably the most popular one is to count the number of states/symbols. This criterion is more…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2009-06-18 Cristian S. Calude

Geometrical Computation as a new model of computation is the counterpart of Cellular Automata that has Turing computing ability. In this paper we provide an algorithm to simulate Alternating Turing Machine in the context of Signal Machine…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2017-09-01 Dawood Hasanzadeh , Sama Goliaei

Neural machine translation (NMT) models learn representations containing substantial linguistic information. However, it is not clear if such information is fully distributed or if some of it can be attributed to individual neurons. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-06 Anthony Bau , Yonatan Belinkov , Hassan Sajjad , Nadir Durrani , Fahim Dalvi , James Glass

This paper is about turedos, which are Turing machine whose head can move in the plane (or in a higher-dimensional space) but only in a selfavoiding way, by putting marks (letters) on visited positions and moving only to unmarked, therefore…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Samuel Nalin , Guillaume Theyssier

Although polynomial-time probabilistic Turing machines can utilize uncomputable transition probabilities to recognize uncountably many languages with bounded error when allowed to use logarithmic space, it is known that such "magic coins"…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-12-01 A. C. Cem Say , Abuzer Yakaryilmaz

Hard attention Chain-of-Thought (CoT) transformers are known to be Turing-complete. However, it is an open problem whether softmax attention Chain-of-Thought (CoT) transformers are Turing-complete. In this paper, we prove a stronger result…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Hongjian Jiang , Michael Hahn , Georg Zetzsche , Anthony Widjaja Lin

Self-replication is central to all life, and yet how it dynamically emerges in physical, non-equilibrium systems remains poorly understood. Von Neumann's pioneering work in the 1940s and subsequent developments suggest a natural hypothesis:…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2025-10-10 Jordan Cotler , Clément Hongler , Barbora Hudcová