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Related papers: Numerical evolutions of spherical Proca stars

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We perform numerical evolutions of the fully non-linear Einstein-(complex, massive)Klein-Gordon and Einstein-(complex)Proca systems, to assess the formation and stability of spinning bosonic stars. In the scalar/vector case these are known…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-12-04 N. Sanchis-Gual , F. Di Giovanni , M. Zilhão , C. Herdeiro , P. Cerdá-Durán , J. A. Font , E. Radu

Vector boson stars, also known as Proca stars, exhibit remarkable dynamical robustness, making them strong candidates for potential astrophysical exotic compact objects. In search of theoretically well-motivated Proca star models, we…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-11-05 Claudio Lazarte , Nicolas Sanchis-Gual , José A. Font , Miguel Alcubierre

In a previous work we constructed different families of stationary electrically charged Proca stars characterized by a charge parameter $q$, by solving the Einstein--Maxwell--Proca system in spherical symmetry, and imposing a harmonic time…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-02 Yahir Mio , Miguel Alcubierre

Spinning bosonic stars (SBSs) can form from the gravitational collapse of a dilute cloud of scalar/Proca particles with non-zero angular momentum. In a recent work we found that the scalar stars are transient due to a non-axisymmetric…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-12-09 Fabrizio Di Giovanni , Nicolas Sanchis-Gual , Pablo Cerdá-Durán , Miguel Zilhão , Carlos Herdeiro , José A. Font , Eugen Radu

We establish that massive complex Abelian vector fields (mass $\mu$) can form gravitating solitons, when minimally coupled to Einstein's gravity. Such Proca stars (PSs) have a stationary, everywhere regular and asymptotically flat geometry.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-12-15 Richard Brito , Vitor Cardoso , Carlos A. R. Herdeiro , Eugen Radu

The superradiant growth of massive vector fields in rotating black hole spacetimes has garnered significant attention in recent literature. However, the majority of these studies overlook the influence of a cosmological constant, which…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-06-18 Shaun David Brocus Fell , Lavinia Heisenberg

There is increasing numerical evidence that scalar fields can form long-lived quasi-bound states around black holes. Recent perturbative and numerical relativity calculations have provided further confirmation in a variety of physical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-07-19 Alejandro Escorihuela-Tomàs , Nicolas Sanchis-Gual , Juan Carlos Degollado , José A. Font

We construct new families of everywhere regular, asymptotically flat solitons in the Einstein--Proca model, obtained as self-gravitating continuations of flat-spacetime (singular) Proca multipoles. First we consider static and axially…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-15 Carlos Herdeiro , Eugen Radu , Etevaldo dos Santos Costa Filho , Nicolas Sanchis-Gual

We perform fully non-linear numerical simulations within the spherically symmetric Einstein-(complex)Proca system. Starting with Proca field distributions that obey the Hamiltonian, momentum and Gaussian constraints, we show that the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-06-18 Fabrizio Di Giovanni , Nicolas Sanchis-Gual , Carlos A. R. Herdeiro , José A. Font

In previous work, we have found new static, spherically symmetric boson star solutions which generalize the standard boson stars by allowing a particular superposition of scalar fields in which each of the fields is characterized by a fixed…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-01-08 Miguel Alcubierre , Juan Barranco , Argelia Bernal , Juan Carlos Degollado , Alberto Diez-Tejedor , Miguel Megevand , Darío Núñez , Olivier Sarbach

Initially applied to the scalar case, we extend the applicability of the multi-field generalization with angular momentum of bosonic stars to the vector case, in order to obtain new configurations that generalize the one-field spherical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-01-30 Claudio Lazarte , Miguel Alcubierre

In a class of generalized Proca theories, we study the existence of neutron star solutions with a nonvanishing temporal component of the vector field $A_\mu$ approaching 0 toward spatial infinity, as they may be the endpoints of tachyonic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-07-29 Ryotaro Kase , Masato Minamitsuji , Shinji Tsujikawa

$\ell$-boson stars are static, spherical, multi-field self-gravitating solitons. They are asymptotically flat, finite energy solutions of Einstein's gravity minimally coupled to an odd number of massive, complex scalar fields. A previous…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-07-01 Víctor Jaramillo , Nicolas Sanchis-Gual , Juan Barranco , Argelia Bernal , Juan Carlos Degollado , Carlos Herdeiro , Darío Núñez

We study the dynamical stability of Proca-Higgs stars, in spherical symmetry. These are solutions of the Einstein-Proca-Higgs model, which features a Higgs-like field coupled to a Proca field, both of which minimally coupled to the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-09-13 Marco Brito , Carlos Herdeiro , Nicolas Sanchis-Gual , Etevaldo dos Santos Costa Filho , Miguel Zilhão

Numerical results from a study of boson stars under nonspherical perturbations using a fully general relativistic 3D code are presented together with the analysis of emitted gravitational radiation. We have constructed a simulation code…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-25 Jayashree Balakrishna , Ruxandra Bondarescu , Gregory Daues , F. Siddhartha Guzman , Edward Seidel

Multi-frequency Proca stars are excited equilibrium configurations of a selfgravitating massive vector field that coexist with conventional stationary states in the solution space of the $s=1$ Schr\"odinger-Poisson system. In this paper, we…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-09 Galo Diaz-Andrade , Alberto Diez-Tejedor , Jose Luis Medina-Garcia , Armando A. Roque

We investigate Proca star (PS) solutions, namely boson star (BS) type solutions for a complex vector field with mass and nonminimal coupling to the Einstein tensor. Irrespective of the existence of nonminimal coupling, PS solutions are…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-08-18 Masato Minamitsuji

The study of the properties and dynamics of self-gravitating bosonic objects in Einstein gravity was conducted. We studied self-coupled boson stars and determined the quasinormal mode (QNM) frequencies of stable boson stars in spherical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-08-31 Jayashree Balakrishna

Proca stars are self-gravitating Bose-Einstein condensates obtained as numerical stationary solutions of the Einstein-(complex)-Proca system. These solitonic can be both stable and form dynamically from generic initial data by the mechanism…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-01-16 Nicolas Sanchis-Gual , Carlos Herdeiro , José A. Font , Eugen Radu , Fabrizio Di Giovanni

We construct spherically symmetric boson star solutions in $D \in \{4,5,6\}$ spacetime dimensions, considering the effects of both a quartic self-interaction term and a solitonic potential. We then perform a perturbative analysis,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-17 Gareth Arturo Marks , Abdullah Al Zaif
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