Related papers: The Euclidean numbers

We introduce axiomatically the ring $\bf{Z}_\kappa$ of the Euclidean integers, that can be viewed as the ``integral part" of the field $\mathbb{E}$ of Euclidean numbers of [4], where the transfinite sum of ordinal indexed $\kappa$-sequences…

We consider a notion of "numerosity" for sets of tuples of natural numbers, that satisfies the five common notions of Euclid's Elements, so it can agree with cardinality only for finite sets. By suitably axiomatizing such a notion, we show…

We develop new aspects of the the of numerosity theory; more exactly, we emphasize its relation with the ordinal numbers, cardinal numbers, hyperreal numbers and surreal numbers. In particular, we combine the notion of numerosity with the…

Several different versions of the theory of numerosities have been introduced in the literature. Here, we unify these approaches in a consistent frame through the notion of set of labels, relating numerosities with the Kiesler field of…

We recast Euclid's proof of the infinitude of prime numbers as a Euclidean Criterion for a domain to have infinitely many atoms. We make connections with Furstenberg's "topological" proof of the infinitude of prime numbers and show that our…

We study subfields of surreal numbers, called hyperseries fields, that are suited to be equipped with derivations and composition laws. We show how to define embeddings on hyperseries fields that commute with transfinite sums and all…

In this paper I generalize the notion of a polynomial over an ordered field to that of a naked polynomial over a non-Archimedean ordered field, subsequently showing that the notion of a naked polynomial ring forms an Euclidean domain. This…

We prove that for every indecomposable ordinal there exists a (transfinitely valued) Euclidean domain whose minimal Euclidean norm is of that order type. Conversely, any such norm must have indecomposable type, and so we completely…

This paper is divided in four parts. In the introduction, we discuss the program and the motivations of this paper. In section 2, we introduce the non-Archimedean field of Euclidean numbers E and we present a summary of the theory of…

The polyadic integer numbers, which form a polyadic ring, are representatives of a fixed congruence class. The basics of polyadic arithmetic are presented: prime polyadic numbers, the polyadic Euler function, polyadic division with a…

We introduce a natural definition for sums of the form \[ \sum_{\nu=1}^x f(\nu) \] when the number of terms x is a rather arbitrary real or even complex number. The resulting theory includes the known interpolation of the factorial by the…

We call positive integer n a near-perfect number, if it is sum of all its proper divisors, except of one of them ("redundant divisor"). We prove an Euclid-like theorem for near-perfect numbers and obtain some other results for them.

We show that \'Ecalle's transseries and their variants (LE and EL-series) can be interpreted as functions from positive infinite surreal numbers to surreal numbers. The same holds for a much larger class of formal series, here called…

Let K be a Galois number field of prime degree $\ell$. Heilbronn showed that for a given $\ell$ there are only finitely many such fields that are norm-Euclidean. In the case of $\ell=2$ all such norm-Euclidean fields have been identified,…

In chapter VIII of Introductio in analysin infinitorum, Euler derives a series for sine, cosine, and the formula $e^{iv}=\cos v+i\sin v$ His arguments employ infinitesimal and infinitely large numbers and some strange equalities. We…

We show that in an ultraproduct of finite fields, the mod-$n$ nonstandard size of definable sets varies definably in families. Moreover, if $K$ is any pseudofinite field, then one can assign "nonstandard sizes mod $n$" to definable sets in…

We present a characterization of the completeness of the field of real numbers in the form of a \emph{collection of several equivalent statements} borrowed from algebra, real analysis, general topology, and non-standard analysis. We also…

For any ordinal $\alpha > 0$, we show how to define a hyperexponential $E_{\omega^{\alpha}}$ and a hyperlogarithm $L_{\omega^{\alpha}}$ on the class $\mathbf{No}^{>, \succ}$ of positive infinitely large surreal numbers. Such functions are…

In this paper we present new ways to construct external subsets of nonstandard models of arithmetic using mostly internal sets, and show that if an ultraproduct of prime finite fields includes a copy of the algebraic real numbers then…

In [26], the algebraico-tree-theoretic simplicity hierarchical structure of J. H. Conway's ordered field $\mathbf{No}$ of surreal numbers was brought to the fore and employed to provide necessary and sufficient conditions for an ordered…