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The idea of the out-of-time-order correlator (OTOC) has recently emerged in the study of both condensed matter systems and gravitational systems. It not only plays a key role in investigating the holographic duality between a strongly…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2017-07-26 Jun Li , Ruihua Fan , Hengyan Wang , Bingtian Ye , Bei Zeng , Hui Zhai , Xinhua Peng , Jiangfeng Du

The out-of-time-ordered correlation (OTOC) and entanglement are two physically motivated and widely used probes of the "scrambling" of quantum information, a phenomenon that has drawn great interest recently in quantum gravity and many-body…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-16 Aram W. Harrow , Linghang Kong , Zi-Wen Liu , Saeed Mehraban , Peter W. Shor

We systematically compare Quantum Liang Information Flow (QLIF) a recently proposed causal information measure with the out-of-time-order correlator (OTOC) as diagnostics of quantum chaos in the one-dimensional mixed-field Ising chain.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-17 Bin Yi

We study theoretically entanglement and operator growth in a spin system coupled to an environment, which is modeled with classical dephasing noise. Using exact numerical simulations we show that the entanglement growth and its fluctuations…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-11-16 Michael Knap

We present a general theory of quantum information propagation in chaotic quantum many-body systems. The generic expectation in such systems is that quantum information does not propagate in localized form; instead, it tends to spread out…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-11-05 Josiah Couch , Stefan Eccles , Phuc Nguyen , Brian Swingle , Shenglong Xu

Out-of-time-ordered correlators (OTOCs) are an effective tool in characterizing black hole chaos, many-body thermalization and quantum dynamics instability. Previous research findings have shown that the OTOCs' exponential growth (EG) marks…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-02 Wen-Lei Zhao , Yue Hu , Zhi Li , Qian Wang

The spreading of entanglement in out-of-equilibrium quantum systems is currently at the centre of intense interdisciplinary research efforts involving communities with interests ranging from holography to quantum information. Here we…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-05-21 Bruno Bertini , Pavel Kos , Tomaz Prosen

Out-of-time-order correlators (OTOCs) have proven to be a useful tool for studying thermalisation in quantum systems. In particular, the exponential growth of OTOCS, or scrambling, is sometimes taken as an indicator of chaos in quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-09 R. A. Kidd , A. Safavi-Naini , J. F. Corney

Understanding quantum chaos is of profound theoretical interest and carries significant implications for various applications, from condensed matter physics to quantum error correction. Recently, out-of-time ordered correlators (OTOCs) have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-17 Naga Dileep Varikuti

The scrambling of quantum information in closed many-body systems, as measured by out-of-time-ordered correlation functions (OTOCs), has lately received considerable attention. Recently, a hydrodynamical description of OTOCs has emerged…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-09-12 Tibor Rakovszky , Frank Pollmann , C. W. von Keyserlingk

We study out-of-time order correlators (OTOCs) of the form $\langle\hat A(t)\hat B(0)\hat C(t)\hat D(0)\rangle$ for a quantum system weakly coupled to a dissipative environment. Such an open system may serve as a model of, e.g., a small…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-05-02 S. V. Syzranov , A. V. Gorshkov , V. Galitski

This tutorial article introduces the physics of quantum information scrambling in quantum many-body systems. The goals are to understand how to precisely quantify the spreading of quantum information and how causality emerges in complex…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-25 Shenglong Xu , Brian Swingle

Operator spreading under unitary time evolution has attracted a lot of attention recently, as a way to probe many-body quantum chaos. While quantities such as out-of-time-ordered correlators (OTOC) do distinguish interacting from…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2021-09-17 Javier Lopez-Piqueres , Brayden Ware , Sarang Gopalakrishnan , Romain Vasseur

We study operator growth in a bipartite kicked coupled tops (KCT) system using out-of-time ordered correlators (OTOCs), which quantify ``information scrambling" due to chaotic dynamics and serve as a quantum analog of classical Lyapunov…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-11 Naga Dileep Varikuti , Vaibhav Madhok

While classical chaos has been successfully characterized with consistent theories and intuitive techniques, such as with the use of Lyapunov exponents, quantum chaos is still poorly understood, as well as its relation with multi-partite…

The fully frustrated ladder - a quasi-1D geometrically frustrated spin one half Heisenberg model - is non-integrable with local conserved quantities on rungs of the ladder, inducing the fragmentation of the Hilbert space into sectors…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-10-13 Dominik Hahn , Paul A. McClarty , David J. Luitz

The time evolution of entanglement tracks how information propagates in interacting quantum systems. We study entanglement entropy in CFT$_2$ with a time-dependent Hamiltonian. We perturb by operators with time-dependent source functions…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-03-14 Allic Sivaramakrishnan

Previous studies show that, in quantum chaotic and integrable systems, the so-called out-of-time-ordered correlator (OTOC) generically behaves differently at long times, while, it may show similar early growth in one-body systems. In this…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-01-19 Hua Yan , Jiaozi Wang , Wen-ge Wang

The out of time order correlator (OTOC) serves as a powerful tool for investigating quantum information spreading and chaos in complex systems. We present a method employing non-equilibrium dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT) and coherent…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-02-20 Chakradhar Rangi , Juana Moreno , Ka-Ming Tam

Out-of-time ordered correlators (OTOCs) help characterize the scrambling of quantum information and are usually studied in the context of nonintegrable systems. In this work, we compare the relaxation dynamics of OTOCs in interacting…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-06-29 Vinitha Balachandran , Lea F. Santos , Marcos Rigol , Dario Poletti