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Related papers: Deriving a multivariate CO-to-H$_2$ conversion fun…

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We present an analysis of the molecular and atomic gas emission in the rest-frame far-infrared and sub-millimetre, from the lensed z=2.3 sub-millimetre galaxy SMM J2135-0102. We obtain very high signal-to-noise detections of 11 transitions…

We analyze the conditions for detection of CO(1-0) emission in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), using the recently completed second NANTEN CO survey. In particular, we investigate correlations between CO integrated intensity and HI…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2011-02-11 T. Wong , A. Hughes , Y. Fukui , A. Kawamura , N. Mizuno , J. Ott , E. Muller , J. L. Pineda , D. E. Welty , S. Kim , Y. Mizuno , M. Murai , T. Onishi

New and archival interferometric 12CO(1->0) datasets from six nearby galaxies are combined with H_2 2.122um and H-alpha maps to explore in detail the interstellar medium in different star-forming galaxies. We investigate the relation…

The CO-to-H$_2$ conversion factor ($\alpha_\rm{CO}$) is central to measuring the amount and properties of molecular gas. It is known to vary with environmental conditions, and previous studies have revealed lower $\alpha_\rm{CO}$ in the…

We have performed Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations in $^{12}$CO($J=2-1$), $^{13}$CO($J=2-1$), C$^{18}$O($J=2-1$), $^{12}$CO($J=3-2$), $^{13}$CO($J=3-2$), and CS($J=7-6$) lines toward the active star-forming…

The specific star-formation rate of star-forming `main sequence' galaxies significantly decreased since z~1.5, due to the decreasing molecular gas fraction and star formation efficiency. However, the radio-infrared (IR) correlation has not…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-01-29 B. Vollmer , J. Freundlich , P. Gratier , Th. Lizee , M. Lendrin , J. Braine , M. Soida

We introduce xCOLD GASS, a legacy survey providing a census of molecular gas in the local Universe. Building upon the original COLD GASS survey, we present here the full sample of 532 galaxies with CO(1-0) measurements from the IRAM-30m…

We present a method to estimate the total gas column density, dust-to-gas and dust-to-metal ratios of distant galaxies from rest-frame optical spectra. The technique exploits the sensitivity of certain optical lines to changes in depletion…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-15 Jarle Brinchmann , Stéphane Charlot , Guinevere Kauffmann , Tim Heckman , Simon D. M. White , Christy Tremonti

The amount of cold, molecular gas in high-redshift galaxies is typically inferred from proxies of molecular hydrogen (H$_2$), such as carbon monoxide (CO) or neutral atomic carbon ([CI]) and molecular gas mass conversion factors. The use of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-02-05 Kasper E. Heintz , Darach Watson

High resolution, multi-wavelength maps of a sizeable set of nearby galaxies have made it possible to study how the surface densities of HI, H2 and star formation rate (Sigma_HI, Sigma_H2, Sigma_SFR) relate on scales of a few hundred…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 F. Bigiel , A. Leroy , F. Walter

We study the effects of a metallicity variation on the thermal balance and [CII] fine-structure line strengths in interstellar photon dominated regions (PDRs). We find that a reduction in the dust-to-gas ratio and the abundance of heavy…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 M. Röllig , V. Ossenkopf , S. Jeyakumar , J. Stutzki , A. Sternberg

The cosmic-ray ionization rate ($\zeta_2$) is one of the key parameters in star formation, since it regulates the chemical and dynamical evolution of molecular clouds by ionizing molecules and determining the coupling between the magnetic…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-10-23 Gan Luo , Thomas G. Bisbas , Marco Padovani , Brandt A. L. Gaches

We present CO $J$=2-1 observations towards 32 nearby gas-rich star-forming galaxies selected from the ALFALFA and WISE catalogs, using the Sub-millimeter Telescope. Our sample is selected to be dominated by intermediate-$M_{\rm *}$…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-23 Xue-Jian Jiang , Zhong Wang , Qiusheng Gu , Junzhi Wang , Zhi-Yu Zhang

Observations of molecular clouds in metal-poor environments typically find that they have much higher star formation rates than one would expect based on their observed CO luminosities and the molecular gas masses that are inferred from…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-04 Simon C. O. Glover , Paul C. Clark

The total mass estimate of molecular clouds suffers from the uncertainty in the H$_2$-CO conversion factor, the so-called $X_{\rm CO}$ factor, which is used to convert the $^{12}$CO (1--0) integrated intensity to the H$_2$ column density.…

We have used archival far-ultraviolet spectra from observations made by HST/STIS and FUSE to determine the column densities and rotational excitation temperatures for CO and H2, respectively, along the lines of sight to 23 Galactic O and B…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-01-19 Eric B. Burgh , Kevin France , Stephan R. McCandliss

The HI gas content is a key ingredient in galaxy evolution, the study of which has been limited to moderate cosmological distances for individual galaxies due to the weakness of the hyperfine HI 21-cm transition. Here we present a new…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-12-08 Kasper E. Heintz , Darach Watson , Pascal Oesch , Desika Narayanan , Suzanne C. Madden

Knowledge of the molecular component of the ISM is fundamental to understand star formation. The H2 component appears to dominate the gas mass in the inner parts of galaxies, while the HI component dominates in the outer parts. Observation…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 F. Combes

Stars form in cold molecular clouds. However, molecular gas is difficult to observe because the most abundant molecule (H2) lacks a permanent dipole moment. Rotational transitions of CO are often used as a tracer of H2, but CO is much less…