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When estimating treatment effects, the golden standard is to conduct a randomized experiment and then contrast outcomes associated with the treatment group and the control group. However, in many cases, randomized experiments are either…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-06-08 Kevin Han

Randomized controlled trials often enroll participants whose characteristics differ from those of a target population, which can limit the generalizability of the estimated treatment effects when effect modifiers differ across populations.…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-15 Lan Wen , Issa J. Dahabreh , Yu-Han Chiu

In this paper, we establish sufficient conditions for identifying treatment effects on continuous outcomes in endogenous and multi-valued discrete treatment settings with unobserved heterogeneity. We employ the monotonicity assumption for…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-04-27 Koki Fusejima

With the increasing availability of datasets, developing data fusion methods to leverage the strengths of different datasets to draw causal effects is of great practical importance to many scientific fields. In this paper, we consider…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-07-18 Yijiao Zhang , Zhongyi Zhu

Triple difference designs have become increasingly popular in empirical economics. The advantage of a triple difference design is that, within a treatment group, it allows for another subgroup of the population -- potentially less impacted…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-06-04 Laura Caron

We propose robust methods for inference on the effect of a treatment variable on a scalar outcome in the presence of very many controls. Our setting is a partially linear model with possibly non-Gaussian and heteroscedastic disturbances.…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-10-05 Alexandre Belloni , Victor Chernozhukov , Christian Hansen

Attrition is a common and potentially important threat to internal validity in treatment effect studies. We extend the changes-in-changes approach to identify the average treatment effect for respondents and the entire study population in…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-03-29 Dalia Ghanem , Sarojini Hirshleifer , Désiré Kédagni , Karen Ortiz-Becerra

This paper considers the identification of dynamic treatment effects with panel data, in complex designs where the treatment may not be binary and may not be absorbing. We first show that under no-anticipation and parallel-trends…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-12-23 Clément de Chaisemartin , Xavier D'Haultfœuille

In causal inference about two treatments, Conditional Average Treatment Effects (CATEs) play an important role as a quantity representing an individualized causal effect, defined as a difference between the expected outcomes of the two…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-10-26 Masahiro Kato , Masaaki Imaizumi

Suppose that a sequence of treatments are assigned to influence an outcome of interest that occurs after the last treatment. Between treatments there exist time-dependent covariates that may be posttreatment variables of the earlier…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-05-28 Li Yin , Xiaoqin Wang

We study nonparametric estimation for the partially conditional average treatment effect, defined as the treatment effect function over an interested subset of confounders. We propose a hybrid kernel weighting estimator where the weights…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-03-08 Jiayi Wang , Raymond K. W. Wong , Shu Yang , Kwun Chuen Gary Chan

There is strong interest in estimating how the magnitude of treatment effects of an intervention vary across sub-groups of the population of interest. In our paper, we propose a two-study approach to first propose and then test…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-06-23 Rahul Ladhania , Amelia Haviland , Neeraj Sood , Edward Kennedy , Ateev Mehrotra

We develop point-identification for the local average treatment effect when the binary treatment contains a measurement error. The standard instrumental variable estimator is inconsistent for the parameter since the measurement error is…

Econometrics · Economics 2018-04-11 Takahide Yanagi

Causal inference from observational data requires untestable identification assumptions. If these assumptions apply, machine learning (ML) methods can be used to study complex forms of causal effect heterogeneity. Recently, several ML…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-12-20 Richard Post , Isabel van den Heuvel , Marko Petkovic , Edwin van den Heuvel

Estimating how much an intervention helps a given individual the conditional average treatment effect (CATE) is increasingly central to decision-making in medicine, economics, and policy, where an estimate is most useful when accompanied by…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-28 Eichi Uehara

Randomized experiments on social networks pose statistical challenges, due to the possibility of interference between units. We propose new methods for estimating attributable treatment effects in such settings. The methods do not require…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-10-13 David S. Choi

Estimating heterogeneous treatment effects across individuals has attracted growing attention as a statistical tool for performing critical decision-making. We propose a Bayesian inference framework that quantifies the uncertainty in…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-12-19 Shunsuke Horii , Yoichi Chikahara

We study causal inference in randomized experiments (or quasi-experiments) following a $2\times 2$ factorial design. There are two treatments, denoted $A$ and $B$, and units are randomly assigned to one of four categories: treatment $A$…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-12-12 Mate Kormos , Robert P. Lieli , Martin Huber

The problem of missingness in observational data is ubiquitous. When the confounders are missing at random, multiple imputation is commonly used; however, the method requires congeniality conditions for valid inferences, which may not be…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-07-10 Nathan Corder , Shu Yang

Stepped wedge cluster randomized controlled trials are typically analyzed using models that assume the full effect of the treatment is achieved instantaneously. We provide an analytical framework for scenarios in which the treatment effect…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-25 Avi Kenny , Emily Voldal , Fan Xia , Patrick J. Heagerty , James P. Hughes
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