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A program is a finite piece of data that produces a (possibly infinite) sequence of primitive instructions. From scratch we develop a linear notation for sequential, imperative programs, using a familiar class of primitive instructions and…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2013-04-17 Jan A. Bergstra , Alban Ponse

This paper presents an algebraic theory of instruction sequences with instructions for Turing tapes as basic instructions, the behaviours produced by the instruction sequences concerned under execution, and the interaction between such…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-01-06 J. A. Bergstra , C. A. Middelburg

This paper presents an algebraic theory of instruction sequences with instructions for a random access machine (RAM) as basic instructions, the behaviours produced by the instruction sequences concerned under execution, and the interaction…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-01-26 C. A. Middelburg

Single-pass instruction sequences under execution are considered to produce behaviours to be controlled by some execution environment. Threads as considered in thread algebra model such behaviours: upon each action performed by a thread, a…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2008-11-18 J. A. Bergstra , C. A. Middelburg

We present a formal system for proving the partial correctness of a single-pass instruction sequence as considered in program algebra by decomposition into proofs of the partial correctness of segments of the single-pass instruction…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-06-29 J. A. Bergstra , C. A. Middelburg

A parameterized algebraic theory of instruction sequences, objects that represent the behaviours produced by instruction sequences under execution, and objects that represent the behaviours exhibited by the components of the execution…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2018-11-30 J. A. Bergstra , C. A. Middelburg

We show that three fixed point structures equipped with (sequential) composition, a sum operation, and a fixed point operation share the same valid equations. These are the theories of (context-free) languages, (regular) tree languages, and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-04-16 Zoltan Esik

Instruction sequence is a key concept in practice, but it has as yet not come prominently into the picture in theoretical circles. This paper concerns instruction sequences, the behaviours produced by them under execution, the interaction…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2012-05-07 J. A. Bergstra , C. A. Middelburg

Primitive recursion, mu-recursion, universal object and universe theories, complexity controlled iteration, code evaluation, soundness, decidability, G\"odel incompleteness theorems, inconsistency provability for set theory, constructive…

Logic · Mathematics 2015-04-14 Michael Pfender

We investigate the expressiveness of backward jumps in a framework of formalized sequential programming called program algebra. We show that - if expressiveness is measured in terms of the computability of partial Boolean functions - then…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2010-06-01 Jan A. Bergstra , Inge Bethke

Earlier work on program and thread algebra detailed the functional, observable behavior of programs under execution. In this article we add the modeling of unobservable, mechanistic processing, in particular processing due to jump…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2008-09-29 Jan A. Bergstra , Mark B. van der Zwaag

We perceive programs as single-pass instruction sequences. A single-pass instruction sequence under execution is considered to produce a behaviour to be controlled by some execution environment. Threads as considered in basic thread algebra…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2012-01-12 J. A. Bergstra , C. A. Middelburg

We introduce a framework that allows for the construction of sequent systems for expressive description logics extending ALC. Our framework not only covers a wide array of common description logics, but also allows for sequent systems to be…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Tim Lyon , Jonas Karge

Every partial function from bit strings of a given length to bit strings of a possibly different given length can be computed by a finite instruction sequence that contains only instructions to set and get the content of Boolean registers,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-28 J. A. Bergstra , C. A. Middelburg

As autonomous agents become increasingly sophisticated, validating their sequential behavior presents a significant challenge. Traditional testing approaches require manual specification, exact sequence matching, or thousands of training…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Reshabh K Sharma , Gaurav Mittal , Yu Hu

We introduce a set of eight universal Rules of Inference by which computer programs with known properties (axioms) are transformed into new programs with known properties (theorems). Axioms are presented to formalize a segment of Number…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Charlie Volkstorf

We study sequential programs that are instruction sequences with jump-shift instructions in the setting of PGA (ProGram Algebra). Jump-shift instructions preceding a jump instruction increase the position to jump to. The jump-shift…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2008-11-11 J. A. Bergstra , C. A. Middelburg

Sequential propositional logic deviates from ordinary propositional logic by taking into account that during the sequential evaluation of a propositional statement,atomic propositions may yield different Boolean values at repeated…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2011-06-28 J. A. Bergstra , A. Ponse

The purpose of this research is to study the possibility of identifying students, statistically, by analyzing their behavior in different consecutive activities. In this project, there are three different sorts of activities: animated…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-04-05 Abdulelah Abuabat , Peter Brusilovsky

We present an algebraic semantics for governed execution in which governance is axiomatized, compositional, and coterminous with expressibility. The framework, mechanized in 32 Rocq modules (~12,000 lines, 454 theorems, 0 admitted), is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Alan L. McCann
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