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An $n$-qubit quantum circuit is said to be peaked if it has an output probability that is at least inverse-polynomially large as a function of $n$. We describe a classical algorithm with quasipolynomial runtime $n^{O(\log{n})}$ that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-18 Sergey Bravyi , David Gosset , Yinchen Liu

The Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) code is an exciting route to fault-tolerant quantum computing since Gaussian resources and GKP Pauli-eigenstate preparation are sufficient to achieve universal quantum computing. In this work, we provide…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-08 Mackenzie H. Shaw , Andrew C. Doherty , Arne L. Grimsmo

The performance of quantum algorithms for ground-state energy estimation is directly impacted by the quality of the initial state, where quality is traditionally defined in terms of the overlap of the input state with the target state. An…

Obtaining the symmetries of a model is a critical step towards developing an understanding and ultimately analytically or numerically solving the model. However, finding symmetries is generally extremely complicated, often being the result…

Variational quantum algorithms dominate contemporary gate-based quantum enhanced optimisation, eigenvalue estimation and machine learning. Here we establish the quantum computational universality of variational quantum computation by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-25 Jacob Biamonte

We consider the possibility of adding noise to a quantum circuit to make it efficiently simulatable classically. In previous works this approach has been used to derive upper bounds to fault tolerance thresholds - usually by identifying a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-03-12 M. B. Plenio , S. Virmani

We derive a rigorous upper bound on the classical computation time of finite-ranged tensor network contractions in $d \geq 2$ dimensions. Consequently, we show that quantum circuits of single-qubit and finite-ranged two-qubit gates can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-07 Thorsten B. Wahl , Sergii Strelchuk

We introduce the Non-commutative Subset Convolution - a convolution of functions useful when working with determinant-based algorithms. In order to compute it efficiently, we take advantage of Clifford algebras, a generalization of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-08-13 Michał Włodarczyk

Clifford quantum circuits are elementary invertible transformations of quantum systems that map Pauli operators to Pauli operators. We study periodic one-parameter families of Clifford circuits, called loops of Clifford circuits, acting on…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2023-11-30 Roman Geiko , Yichen Hu

Resource-efficient and high-precision approximate synthesis of quantum circuits expressed in the Clifford+T gate set is vital for Fault-Tolerant quantum computing. Efficient optimal methods are known for single-qubit RZ unitaries, otherwise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-27 Mathias Weiden , Justin Kalloor , John Kubiatowicz , Ed Younis , Costin Iancu

Applications of decision diagrams in quantum circuit analysis have been an active research area. Our work introduces FeynmanDD, a new method utilizing standard and multi-terminal decision diagrams for quantum circuit simulation and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-11 Ziyuan Wang , Bin Cheng , Longxiang Yuan , Zhengfeng Ji

We introduce a complete equational theory for the fragment of quantum circuits generated by the real Clifford gates plus the two-qubit controlled-Hadamard gate. That is, we give a simple set of equalities between circuits of this fragment,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-09 Alexandre Clément

It is important for performance studies in quantum technologies to analyze quantum circuits in the presence of noise. We introduce an error probability tensor, a tool to track generalized Pauli error statistics of qudits within quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-21 Daniel Miller , Timo Holz , Hermann Kampermann , Dagmar Bruß

Bravyi and Gosset recently gave classical simulation algorithms for quantum circuits dominated by Clifford operations. These algorithms scale exponentially with the number of T-gate in the circuit, but polynomially in the number of qubits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-15 Yifei Huang , Peter Love

A restricted path integral method is proposed to simulate a type of quantum system or Hamiltonian called a sum of controlled few-fermions on a classical computer using Monte Carlo without a numerical sign problem. Then a universality is…

General Physics · Physics 2023-05-23 David H. Wei

We consider quantum computations comprising only commuting gates, known as IQP computations, and provide compelling evidence that the task of sampling their output probability distributions is unlikely to be achievable by any efficient…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-11-17 Michael J. Bremner , Richard Jozsa , Dan J. Shepherd

We investigate the amount of noise required to turn a universal quantum gate set into one that can be efficiently modelled classically. This question is useful for providing upper bounds on fault tolerant thresholds, and for understanding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 S. Virmani , Susana F. Huelga , Martin B. Plenio

This study presents a quantum circuit for estimating the pi value using arithmetic circuits and by quantum amplitude estimation. We review two types of quantum multipliers and propose quantum squaring circuits based on the multiplier as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-22 Takuma Noto

The quantized canonical space-time coordinates of a relativistic point particle are expressed in terms of the elements of a complex Clifford algebra which combines the complex properties of SL(2.C) and quantum mechanics. When the quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 Kaare Borchsenius

We show that quantum circuits where the initial state and all the following quantum operations can be represented by positive Wigner functions can be classically efficiently simulated. This is true both for continuous-variable as well as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-11 A. Mari , J. Eisert
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