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Deep neural networks have recently achieved state-of-the-art results in many machine learning problems, e.g., speech recognition or object recognition. Hitherto, work on rectified linear units (ReLU) provides empirical and theoretical…
We introduce the "inverse square root linear unit" (ISRLU) to speed up learning in deep neural networks. ISRLU has better performance than ELU but has many of the same benefits. ISRLU and ELU have similar curves and characteristics. Both…
Deep neural networks, particularly those employing Rectified Linear Units (ReLU), are often perceived as complex, high-dimensional, non-linear systems. This complexity poses a significant challenge to understanding their internal learning…
In past few years, linear rectified unit activation functions have shown its significance in the neural networks, surpassing the performance of sigmoid activations. RELU (Nair & Hinton, 2010), ELU (Clevert et al., 2015), PRELU (He et al.,…
Deep reinforcement learning has been shown to be a powerful framework for learning policies from complex high-dimensional sensory inputs to actions in complex tasks, such as the Atari domain. In this paper, we explore output representation…
Activation functions are critical components in deep neural networks, directly influencing gradient flow, training stability, and model performance. Traditional functions like ReLU suffer from dead neuron problems, while sigmoid and tanh…
Activation functions are essential to deep learning networks. Popular and versatile activation functions are mostly monotonic functions, some non-monotonic activation functions are being explored and show promising performance. But by…
Deep neural networks, as a powerful system to represent high dimensional complex functions, play a key role in deep learning. Convergence of deep neural networks is a fundamental issue in building the mathematical foundation for deep…
In this work, we propose to train a deep neural network by distributed optimization over a graph. Two nonlinear functions are considered: the rectified linear unit (ReLU) and a linear unit with both lower and upper cutoffs (DCutLU). The…
Recent studies have shown that the choice of activation function can significantly affect the performance of deep learning networks. However, the benefits of novel activation functions have been inconsistent and task dependent, and…
In this paper, we develop an alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) for deep neural networks training with sigmoid-type activation functions (called \textit{sigmoid-ADMM pair}), mainly motivated by the gradient-free nature of…
In recent years, functional neural networks have been proposed and studied in order to approximate nonlinear continuous functionals defined on $L^p([-1, 1]^s)$ for integers $s\ge1$ and $1\le p<\infty$. However, their theoretical properties…
In this work, we examine the approximation capabilities of deep neural networks utilizing the Rectified Quadratic Unit (ReQU) activation function, defined as \(\max(0,x)^2\), for approximating H\"older-regular functions with respect to the…
In this paper we investigate the family of functions representable by deep neural networks (DNN) with rectified linear units (ReLU). We give an algorithm to train a ReLU DNN with one hidden layer to *global optimality* with runtime…
Activation functions are essential for deep learning methods to learn and perform complex tasks such as image classification. Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) has been widely used and become the default activation function across the deep…
ReLU, a commonly used activation function in deep neural networks, is prone to the issue of "Dying ReLU". Several enhanced versions, such as ELU, SeLU, and Swish, have been introduced and are considered to be less commonly utilized.…
This work contributes to the development of a new data-driven method (D-DM) of feedforward neural networks (FNNs) learning. This method was proposed recently as a way of improving randomized learning of FNNs by adjusting the network…
This study introduces a novel activation function, characterized by a dynamic slope that adjusts throughout the training process, aimed at enhancing adaptability and performance in deep neural networks for computer vision tasks. The…
A deep learning approach to reinforcement learning led to a general learner able to train on visual input to play a variety of arcade games at the human and superhuman levels. Its creators at the Google DeepMind's team called the approach:…
Activation functions have a notorious impact on neural networks on both training and testing the models against the desired problem. Currently, the most used activation function is the Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU). This paper introduces a…