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The electroencephalogram (EEG) is the most popular form of input for brain computer interfaces (BCIs). However, it can be easily contaminated by various artifacts and noise, e.g., eye blink, muscle activities, powerline noise, etc.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-08-21 He He , Dongrui Wu

The electroencephalogram (EEG) is the most widely used input for brain computer interfaces (BCIs), and common spatial pattern (CSP) is frequently used to spatially filter it to increase its signal-to-noise ratio. However, CSP is a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-08-20 He He , Dongrui Wu

Brain computer interface (BCI) is the only way for some special patients to communicate with the outside world and provide a direct control channel between brain and the external devices. As a non-invasive interface, the scalp…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2018-08-15 Chuanqi Tan , Fuchun Sun , Wenchang Zhang , Shaobo Liu , Chunfang Liu

The method of Common Spatial Patterns (CSP) is widely used for feature extraction of electroencephalography (EEG) data, such as in motor imagery brain-computer interface (BCI) systems. It is a data-driven method estimating a set of spatial…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-02-10 Mahta Mousavi , Eric Lybrand , Shuangquan Feng , Shuai Tang , Rayan Saab , Virginia de Sa

Common spatial pattern (CSP) is a popular feature extraction method for electroencephalogram (EEG) motor imagery (MI). This study modifies the conventional CSP algorithm to improve the multi-class MI classification accuracy and ensure the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-02 Ce Zhang , Azim Eskandarian

Riemannian geometry has been successfully used in many brain-computer interface (BCI) classification problems and demonstrated superior performance. In this paper, for the first time, it is applied to BCI regression problems, an important…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-03-31 Dongrui Wu , Brent J. Lance , Vernon J. Lawhern , Stephen Gordon , Tzyy-Ping Jung , Chin-Teng Lin

In Brain Computer Interface (BCI), data generated from Electroencephalogram (EEG) is non-stationary with low signal to noise ratio and contaminated with artifacts. Common Spatial Pattern (CSP) algorithm has been proved to be effective in…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Hardik Meisheri , Nagraj Ramrao , Suman Mitra

As a typical self-paced brain-computer interface (BCI) system, the motor imagery (MI) BCI has been widely applied in fields such as robot control, stroke rehabilitation, and assistance for patients with stroke or spinal cord injury. Many…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2023-10-31 Xiong Xiong , Ying Wang , Tianyuan Song , Jinguo Huang , Guixia Kang

A brain-computer interface (BCI) based on the motor imagery (MI) paradigm translates one's motor intention into a control signal by classifying the Electroencephalogram (EEG) signal of different tasks. However, most existing systems either…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-07-27 Eitan Netzer , Alex Frid , Dan Feldman

A Brain Computer Interface (BCI) connects the human brain to the outside world, providing a direct communication channel. Electroencephalography (EEG) signals are commonly used in BCIs to reflect cognitive patterns related to motor function…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Abdullah Al Shiam , Md. Khademul Islam Molla , Abu Saleh Musa Miah , Md. Abdus Samad Kamal

The common spatial pattern (CSP) approach is known as one of the most popular spatial filtering techniques for EEG classification in motor imagery (MI) based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). However, it still suffers some drawbacks such as…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-13 Jinlong Dong , Milana Komosar , Johannes Vorwerk , Daniel Baumgarten , Jens Haueisen

Background: Common spatial pattern (CSP) has been widely used for feature extraction in the case of motor imagery (MI) electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings and in MI classification of brain-computer interface (BCI) applications. BCI…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-08-30 Cancheng Li , Chuanbo Qin , Jing Fang

Brain-computer interface systems and the recording of brain activity has garnered significant attention across a diverse spectrum of applications. EEG signals have emerged as a modality for recording neural electrical activity. Among the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-03 M. Moein Esfahani , Hossein Sadati , Vince D Calhoun

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) often suffer from limited robustness and poor long-term adaptability. Model performance rapidly degrades when user attention fluctuates, brain states shift over time, or irregular artifacts appear during…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-12 Yeon-Woo Choi , Hye-Bin Shin , Dan Li

Robust decoding and classification of brain patterns measured with electroencephalography (EEG) remains a major challenge for real-world (i.e. outside scientific lab and medical facilities) brain-computer interface (BCI) applications due to…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-03 Paul Barbaste , Olivier Oullier , Xavier Vasques

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), particularly the P300 BCI, facilitate direct communication between the brain and computers. The fundamental statistical problem in P300 BCIs lies in classifying target and non-target stimuli based on…

Applications · Statistics 2024-02-16 Bangyao Zhao , Jane E. Huggins , Jian Kang

EEG-based workload estimation technology provides a real time means of assessing mental workload. Such technology can effectively enhance the performance of the human-machine interaction and the learning process. When designing workload…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2016-11-15 Mahnaz Arvaneh , Alberto Umilta , Ian H. Robertson

The cross-subject application of EEG-based brain-computer interface (BCI) has always been limited by large individual difference and complex characteristics that are difficult to perceive. Therefore, it takes a long time to collect the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-10 Yonghao Song , Lie Yang , Xueyu Jia , Longhan Xie

This article examined brain signals of people with disabilities using various signal processing methods to achieve the desired accuracy for utilizing brain-computer interfaces (BCI). EEG signals resulted from 5 mental tasks of word…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Fateme Dehrouye-Semnani , Nasrollah Moghada Charkari , Seyed Mohammad Mehdi Mirbagheri

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have been gaining momentum in making human-computer interaction more natural, especially for people with neuro-muscular disabilities. Among the existing solutions the systems relying on electroencephalograms…

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