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The role of polymorphisms in determining the complexity of constraint satisfaction problems is well established. In this context we study the stability of CSP complexity and polymorphism properties under some basic graph theoretic…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-07-22 Marcel Jackson , Tomasz Kowalski , Todd Niven

Valiant's Holant theorem is a powerful tool for algorithms and reductions for counting problems. It states that if two sets $\mathcal{F}$ and $\mathcal{G}$ of tensors (a.k.a. constraint functions or signatures) are related by a…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Jin-Yi Cai , Ben Young

In this thesis, a comprehensive formalization of Milner's Calculus of Communicating Systems (also known as CCS) has been done in HOL theorem prover (HOL4), based on an old work in HOL88. This includes all classical properties of strong/weak…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-12-29 Chun Tian

This is the latest in a series of articles aimed at exploring the relationship between the complexity classes of P and NP. In the previous papers, we have proved that the sat CNF problem is polynomially reduced to the problem of finding a…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Stepan G. Margaryan

We determine the complexity of several constraint satisfaction problems using the heuristic algorithm, WalkSAT. At large sizes N, the complexity increases exponentially with N in all cases. Perhaps surprisingly, out of all the models…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 Marco Guidetti , A. P. Young

A constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) is a problem of computing a homomorphism ${\bf R} \rightarrow {\bf \Gamma}$ between two relational structures. Analyzing its complexity has been a very fruitful research direction, especially for…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-08-29 Rustem Takhanov

The complexity of the promise constraint satisfaction problem $\operatorname{PCSP}(\mathbf{A},\mathbf{B})$ is largely unknown, even for symmetric $\mathbf{A}$ and $\mathbf{B}$, except for the case when $\mathbf{A}$ and $\mathbf{B}$ are…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Tamio-Vesa Nakajima , Stanislav Živný

The CLP scheme uses Horn clauses and SLD resolution to generate multiple constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs). The possible CSPs include rational trees (giving Prolog) and numerical algorithms for solving linear equations and linear…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2010-02-09 M. H. van Emden

The constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) is a central generic problem in computer science and artificial intelligence: it provides a common framework for many theoretical problems as well as for many real-life applications. Soft constraint…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-04-25 Martin C. Cooper , Stanislav Zivny

The $\mathcal{H}$-coloring problem for undirected simple graphs is a computational problem from a huge class of the constraint satisfaction problems (CSP): an $\mathcal{H}$-coloring of a graph $\mathcal{G}$ is just a homomorphism from…

Logic · Mathematics 2020-10-07 Azza Gaysin

A wide variety of problems in combinatorics and discrete optimization depend on counting the set $S$ of integer points in a polytope, or in some more general object constructed via discrete geometry and first-order logic. We take a tour…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-12-29 Tristram Bogart , Kevin Woods

Promise Constraint Satisfaction Problems (PCSPs) are a generalization of Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSPs) where each predicate has a strong and a weak form and given a CSP instance, the objective is to distinguish if the strong form…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Joshua Brakensiek , Venkatesan Guruswami , Sai Sandeep

The promise constraint satisfaction problem (PCSP) is a recently introduced vast generalisation of the constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) that captures approximability of satisfiable instances. A PCSP instance comes with two forms of…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Alex Brandts , Stanislav Živný

Constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs) are an important formal framework for the uniform treatment of various prominent AI tasks, e.g., coloring or scheduling problems. Solving CSPs is, in general, known to be NP-complete and…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-07-29 Hubie Chen , Georg Gottlob , Matthias Lanzinger , Reinhard Pichler

The main result of this paper is a generalization of the classical blossom algorithm for finding perfect matchings. Our algorithm can efficiently solve Boolean CSPs where each variable appears in exactly two constraints (we call it edge…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2018-06-15 Alexandr Kazda , Vladimir Kolmogorov , Michal Rolínek

Random instances of Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSP's) appear to be hard for all known algorithms, when the number of constraints per variable lies in a certain interval. Contributing to the general understanding of the structure of…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2009-04-20 Andrea Montanari , Ricardo Restrepo , Prasad Tetali

Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSPs, for short) make up a class of problems with applications in many areas of computer science. The first classification of these problems was given by Schaeffer who showed that every CSP over the domain…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Dejan Delic , John Marcoux

We study optimisation problems that can be formulated as valued constraint satisfaction problems (VCSP). A problem from VCSP is characterised by a \emph{constraint language}, a fixed set of cost functions taking finite and infinite costs…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2010-08-19 Vladimir Kolmogorov , Stanislav Zivny

We consider the problem of satisfiability of sets of constraints in a given set of finite uniform hypergraphs. While the problem under consideration is similar in nature to the problem of satisfiability of constraints in graphs, the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Antoine Mottet , Tomáš Nagy , Michael Pinsker

One of the central open problems to classify the computational complexity of finite-domain constraint satisfaction problems within P is to prove better algorithmic results for CSPs with a Maltsev polymorphism; we do not even know whether…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2026-02-10 Manuel Bodirsky , Andrew Moorhead