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In recent years, high interest in using Virtual Machines (VMs) in data centers and Cloud computing has significantly increased the demand for high-performance data storage systems. Recent studies suggest using SSDs as a caching layer for…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-05-04 Saba Ahmadian , Onur Mutlu , Hossein Asadi

Quad-level cell (QLC) flash offers significant benefits in cost and capacity, but its limited reliability leads to frequent read retries, which severely degrade read performance. A common strategy in high-density flash storage is to program…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Yanyun Wang , Dingcui Yu , Yina Lv , Yunpeng Song , Yumiao Zhao , Liang Shi

NAND flash memory is ubiquitous in everyday life today because its capacity has continuously increased and cost has continuously decreased over decades. This positive growth is a result of two key trends: (1) effective process technology…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2017-09-25 Yu Cai , Saugata Ghose , Erich F. Haratsch , Yixin Luo , Onur Mutlu

NAND flash-based Solid State Drives (SSDs), which are widely used from embedded systems to enterprise servers, are enhancing performance by exploiting the parallelism of NAND flash memories. To cope with the performance improvement of SSDs,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2017-04-12 Yeong-Jae Woo , Sang Lyul Min

For large scale distributed storage systems, flash memories are an excellent choice because flash memories consume less power, take lesser floor space for a target throughput and provide faster access to data. In a traditional distributed…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2013-02-26 Srimugunthan , K. Gopinath

Storage-class memory (SCM) combines the benefits of a solid-state memory, such as high-performance and robustness, with the archival capabilities and low cost of conventional hard-disk magnetic storage. Among candidate solid-state…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2017-04-19 Wonil Choi , Mohammad Arjomand , Myoungsoo Jung , Mahmut Kandemir

Unlike non-volatile memory that resides on the processor memory bus, memory-semantic solid-state drives (SSDs) support both byte and block access granularity via PCIe or CXL interconnects. They provide scalable memory capacity using NAND…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Shaobo Li , Yirui Eric Zhou , Hao Ren , Jian Huang

R is one of the most popular programming languages for statistics and machine learning, but the R framework is relatively slow and unable to scale to large datasets. The general approach for speeding up an implementation in R is to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-05-22 Da Zheng , Disa Mhembere , Joshua T. Vogelstein , Carey E. Priebe , Randal Burns

As the amount of data produced in society continues to grow at an exponential rate, modern applications are incurring significant performance and energy penalties due to high data movement between the CPU and memory/storage. While…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Ryan Wong , Nikita Kim , Kevin Higgs , Sapan Agarwal , Engin Ipek , Saugata Ghose , Ben Feinberg

Flash memory is a non-volatile computer memory comprised of blocks of cells, wherein each cell is implemented as either NAND or NOR floating gate. NAND flash is currently the most widely used type of flash memory. In a NAND flash memory,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2009-11-23 Anxiao , Jiang , Robert Mateescu , Eitan Yaakobi , Jehoshua Bruck , Paul H. Siegel , Alexander Vardy , Jack K. Wolf

Today, flash memory are strongly used in the embedded system domain. NAND flash memories are the building block of main secondary storage systems. Such memories present many benefits in terms of data density, I/O performance, shock…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2012-09-03 Pierre Olivier , Jalil Boukhobza , Eric Senn

SSDs are currently replacing magnetic disks in many application areas. A challenge of the underlying flash technology is that data cannot be updated in-place. A block consisting of many pages must be completely erased before a single page…

Performance · Computer Science 2018-07-26 Lars Nagel , Tim Süß , Kevin Kremer , M. Umar Hameed , Lingfang Zeng , André Brinkmann

To index the increasing volume of data, modern data indexes are typically stored on SSDs and cached in DRAM. However, searching such an index has resulted in significant I/O traffic due to limited access locality and inefficient cache…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Yun-Chih Chen , Yuan-Hao Chang , Tei-Wei Kuo

Flash memory is widely used as the secondary storage in lightweight computing devices due to its outstanding advantages over magnetic disks. Flash memory has many access characteristics different from those of magnetic disks, and how to…

Databases · Computer Science 2010-01-22 Yi-Reun Kim , Kyu-Young Whang , Il-Yeol Song

When key-value (KV) stores use SSDs for storing a large number of items, oftentimes they also require large in-memory data structures including indices and caches to be traversed to reduce IOs. This paper considers offloading most of such…

Despite the fact that Solid State Disk (SSD) data storage media had offered a revolutionary property storages community, but the unavailability of a comprehensive allocation strategy in SSDs storage media, leads to consuming the available…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2012-04-12 Jaafer Al-Sabateen , Saleh Ali Alomari , Putra Sumari

The advent of Compute Express Link (CXL) enables SSDs to participate in the memory hierarchy as large-capacity, byte-addressable memory devices. These CXL-enabled SSDs (CXL-SSDs) offer a promising new tier between DRAM and traditional…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Hyunsun Chung , Junhyeok Park , Taewan Noh , Seonghoon Ahn , Kihwan Kim , Ming Zhao , Youngjae Kim

To satisfy increasing storage demands in both capacity and performance, industry has turned to multiple storage technologies, including Flash SSDs and SMR disks. These devices employ a translation layer that conceals the idiosyncrasies of…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2019-01-11 Nikolas Ioannou , Kornilios Kourtis , Ioannis Koltsidas

Cache attacks pose a threat to any code whose execution flow or memory accesses depend on sensitive information. Especially in public clouds, where caches are shared across several tenants, cache attacks remain an unsolved problem. Cache…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-09-07 Samira Briongos , Gorka Irazoqui , Pedro Malagón , Thomas Eisenbarth

Solid state drives have a number of interesting characteristics. However, there are numerous file system and storage design issues for SSDs that impact the performance and device endurance. Many flash-oriented and flash-friendly file…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2019-07-30 Viacheslav Dubeyko