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Word Representations form the core component for almost all advanced Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications such as text mining, question-answering, and text summarization, etc. Over the last two decades, immense research is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-02 Shree Charran R , Rahul Kumar Dubey

We analyze three critical components of word embedding training: the model, the corpus, and the training parameters. We systematize existing neural-network-based word embedding algorithms and compare them using the same corpus. We evaluate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-07-21 Siwei Lai , Kang Liu , Liheng Xu , Jun Zhao

Sentence representation at the semantic level is a challenging task for Natural Language Processing and Artificial Intelligence. Despite the advances in word embeddings (i.e. word vector representations), capturing sentence meaning is an…

The positive effect of adding subword information to word embeddings has been demonstrated for predictive models. In this paper we investigate whether similar benefits can also be derived from incorporating subwords into counting models. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-11 Alexandre Salle , Aline Villavicencio

An important goal of computer vision is to build systems that learn visual representations over time that can be applied to many tasks. In this paper, we investigate a vision-language embedding as a core representation and show that it…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-10-17 Tanmay Gupta , Kevin Shih , Saurabh Singh , Derek Hoiem

The eventual goal of a language model is to accurately predict the value of a missing word given its context. We present an approach to word prediction that is based on learning a representation for each word as a function of words and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Yair Even-Zohar , Dan Roth

Gender bias is highly impacting natural language processing applications. Word embeddings have clearly been proven both to keep and amplify gender biases that are present in current data sources. Recently, contextualized word embeddings…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-19 Christine Basta , Marta R. Costa-jussà , Noe Casas

Word embeddings are usually derived from corpora containing text from many individuals, thus leading to general purpose representations rather than individually personalized representations. While personalized embeddings can be useful to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-22 Charles Welch , Jonathan K. Kummerfeld , Verónica Pérez-Rosas , Rada Mihalcea

Many machine learning algorithms represent input data with vector embeddings or discrete codes. When inputs exhibit compositional structure (e.g. objects built from parts or procedures from subroutines), it is natural to ask whether this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-09 Jacob Andreas

We consider the supervised training setting in which we learn task-specific word embeddings. We assume that we start with initial embeddings learned from unlabelled data and update them to learn task-specific embeddings for words in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-06-24 Pranava Swaroop Madhyastha , Mohit Bansal , Kevin Gimpel , Karen Livescu

Although much effort has recently been devoted to training high-quality sentence embeddings, we still have a poor understanding of what they are capturing. "Downstream" tasks, often based on sentence classification, are commonly used to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-10 Alexis Conneau , German Kruszewski , Guillaume Lample , Loïc Barrault , Marco Baroni

Understanding what knowledge is implicitly encoded in deep learning models is essential for improving the interpretability of AI systems. This paper examines common methods to explain the knowledge encoded in word embeddings, which are core…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Hanna Herasimchyk , Alhassan Abdelhalim , Sören Laue , Michaela Regneri

This work investigates the role of factors like training method, training corpus size and thematic relevance of texts in the performance of word embedding features on sentiment analysis of tweets, song lyrics, movie reviews and item…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-02-05 Erion Çano , Maurizio Morisio

Analyses of transformer-based models have shown that they encode a variety of linguistic information from their textual input. While these analyses have shed a light on the relation between linguistic information on one side, and internal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Vivi Nastase , Paola Merlo

Word embeddings have recently seen a strong increase in interest as a result of strong performance gains on a variety of tasks. However, most of this research also underlined the importance of benchmark datasets, and the difficulty of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-07-04 Stéphan Tulkens , Chris Emmery , Walter Daelemans

Neural word representations have proven useful in Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks due to their ability to efficiently model complex semantic and syntactic word relationships. However, most techniques model only one representation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-11-23 Andrew Trask , Phil Michalak , John Liu

In this paper, we propose a dictionary screening method for embedding compression in text classification tasks. The key purpose of this method is to evaluate the importance of each keyword in the dictionary. To this end, we first train a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-24 Jing Zhou , Xinru Jing , Muyu Liu , Hansheng Wang

We present models for embedding words in the context of surrounding words. Such models, which we refer to as token embeddings, represent the characteristics of a word that are specific to a given context, such as word sense, syntactic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-06-13 Lifu Tu , Kevin Gimpel , Karen Livescu

We propose a new word embedding model, called SPhrase, that incorporates supervised phrase information. Our method modifies traditional word embeddings by ensuring that all target words in a phrase have exactly the same context. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Manni Singh , David Weston , Mark Levene

In this paper, we propose two automated text processing frameworks specifically designed to analyze online reviews. The objective of the first framework is to summarize the reviews dataset by extracting essential sentence. This is performed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-22 Xiangpeng Wan , Hakim Ghazzai , Yehia Massoud