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Global climate models aim to reproduce physical processes on a global scale and predict quantities such as temperature given some forcing inputs. We consider climate ensembles made of collections of such runs with different initial…

Applications · Statistics 2013-12-02 Stefano Castruccio , Michael L. Stein

We study a smart grid with wind power and battery storage. Traditionally, day-ahead planning aims to balance demand and wind power, yet actual wind conditions often deviate from forecasts. Short-term flexibility in storage and generation…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-08 Thom S. Badings , Arnd Hartmanns , Nils Jansen , Marnix Suilen

Ensemble weather forecasts based on multiple runs of numerical weather prediction models typically show systematic errors and require post-processing to obtain reliable forecasts. Accurately modeling multivariate dependencies is crucial in…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-02-02 Jieyu Chen , Tim Janke , Florian Steinke , Sebastian Lerch

Generative modeling of spatio-temporal fields is crucial for a variety of applications, including stochastic weather generators and climate-model surrogates. However, many such fields exhibit complex dependence structures that vary across…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-06 Carrie J. Lei-Cramer , Jian Cao , Matthias Katzfuss

Stochastic methods are a crucial area in contemporary climate research and are increasingly being used in comprehensive weather and climate prediction models as well as reduced order climate models. Stochastic methods are used as…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2020-11-16 Christian L. E. Franzke , Terence J. O'Kane , Judith Berner , Paul D. Williams , Valerio Lucarini

The world is moving towards clean and renewable energy sources, such as wind energy, in an attempt to reduce greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to global warming. To enhance the analysis and storage of wind data, we introduce a deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Alif Bin Abdul Qayyum , Xihaier Luo , Nathan M. Urban , Xiaoning Qian , Byung-Jun Yoon

Atmospheric models used for weather and climate prediction are traditionally formulated in a deterministic manner. In other words, given a particular state of the resolved scale variables, the most likely forcing from the sub-grid scale…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Hannah M. Christensen , Salah Kouhen , Greta Miller , Raghul Parthipan

World is looking for clean and renewable energy sources that do not pollute the environment, in an attempt to reduce greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to global warming. Wind energy has significant potential to not only reduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Alif Bin Abdul Qayyum , Xihaier Luo , Nathan M. Urban , Xiaoning Qian , Byung-Jun Yoon

In weather forecasting, nonhomogeneous regression is used to statistically postprocess forecast ensembles in order to obtain calibrated predictive distributions. For wind speed forecasts, the regression model is given by a truncated normal…

Applications · Statistics 2013-11-19 Sebastian Lerch , Thordis L. Thorarinsdottir

Stochastic generators are essential to produce synthetic realizations that preserve target statistical properties. We propose GenFormer, a stochastic generator for spatio-temporal multivariate stochastic processes. It is constructed using a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Haoran Zhao , Wayne Isaac Tan Uy

Accurate projections of wind energy potential under climate change are critical for effective long-term energy planning. While previous studies have highlighted the value of multi-model ensembles, they often fall short in capturing the full…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-06-02 Andrea Lira-Loarca , Francesco Ferrari , Andrea Mazzino

Mitigating climate change demands a transition towards renewable electricity generation, with wind power being a particularly promising technology. Long periods either of high or of low wind therefore essentially define the necessary amount…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2020-01-07 Juliane Weber , Mark Reyers , Christian Beck , Marc Timme , Joaquim G. Pinto , Dirk Witthaut , Benjamin Schäfer

Accurate production forecasts are essential to continue facilitating the integration of renewable energy sources into the power grid. This paper illustrates how to obtain probabilistic day-ahead forecasts of wind power generation via…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Max Bruninx , Diederik van Binsbergen , Timothy Verstraeten , Ann Nowé , Jan Helsen

We assess evidence for changes in tail characteristics of wind, solar irradiance and temperature variables output from CMIP6 global climate models (GCMs) due to climate forcing. We estimate global and climate zone annual maximum and annual…

Applications · Statistics 2025-02-06 Callum Leach , Kevin Ewans , Philip Jonathan

Multi-model ensembles provide a pragmatic approach to the representation of model uncertainty in climate prediction. However, such representations are inherently ad hoc, and, as shown, probability distributions of climate variables based on…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2009-08-26 T. N. Palmer , F. J. Doblas-Reyes , A. Weisheimer , G. J. Shutts , J. Berner , J. M. Murphy

Decisions for a variable renewable resource generators commitment in the energy market are typically made in advance when little information is obtainable about wind availability and market prices. Much research has been published…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-03-09 Razan A. H. Al-Lawati , Jose L. Crespo-Vazquez , Tasnim Ibn Faiz , Xin Fang , Md. Noor-E-Alam

This study evaluates the potential of generative models, trained on historical ERA5 reanalysis data, for simulating windstorms over the UK. Four generative models, including a standard GAN, a WGAN-GP, a U-net diffusion model, and a…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-01-28 Yee Chun Tsoi , Kieran M. R. Hunt , Len Shaffrey , Atta Badii , Richard Dixon , Ludovico Nicotina

Accurate wind pattern modelling is crucial for various applications, including renewable energy, agriculture, and climate adaptation. In this paper, we introduce the wrapped Gaussian spatial process (WGSP), as well as the projected Gaussian…

Applications · Statistics 2023-11-13 Jacobus S. Blom , Priyanka Nagar , Andriette Bekker

Precisely forecasting wind speed is essential for wind power producers and grid operators. However, this task is challenging due to the stochasticity of wind speed. To accurately predict short-term wind speed under uncertainties, this paper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-27 Sisheng Liang , Long Nguyen , Fang Jin

Facing increasing domestic energy consumption from population growth and industrialization, Saudi Arabia is aiming to reduce its reliance on fossil fuels and to broaden its energy mix by expanding investment in renewable energy sources,…

Applications · Statistics 2019-02-14 Felipe Tagle , Stefano Castruccio , Paola Crippa , Marc G. Genton