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The {\em acyclic chromatic number} of a graph is the least number of colors needed to properly color its vertices so that none of its cycles has only two colors. The {\em acyclic chromatic index} is the analogous graph parameter for edge…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-10-15 Lefteris Kirousis , John Livieratos

A proper vertex colouring of a graph is \emph{nested} if the vertices of each of its colour classes can be ordered by inclusion of their open neighbourhoods. Through a relation to partially ordered sets, we show that the nested chromatic…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-06-04 David Cook

Let $G$ be a graph of order $n$. It is well-known that $\alpha(G)\geq \sum_{i=1}^n \frac{1}{1+d_i}$, where $\alpha(G)$ is the independence number of $G$ and $d_1,\ldots,d_n$ is the degree sequence of $G$. We extend this result to digraphs…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-11-20 Saeed Akbari , Amir Hossein Ghodrati , Afrouz Jabalameli , Morteza Saghafian

An \emph{acyclic edge-coloring} of a graph $G$ is a proper edge-coloring of $G$ such that the subgraph induced by any two color classes is acyclic. The \emph{acyclic chromatic index}, $\chi'_a(G)$, is the smallest number of colors allowing…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-05-21 Daniel W. Cranston

We consider vertex colorings of graphs in which adjacent vertices have distinct colors. A graph is $s$-chromatic if it is colorable in $s$ colors and any coloring of it uses at least $s$ colors. The forcing chromatic number $F(G)$ of an…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Frank Harary , Wolfgang Slany , Oleg Verbitsky

In this paper we consider a colouring version of the general position problem. The \emph{$\gp $-chromatic number} is the smallest number of colours needed to colour the vertices of the graph such that each colour class has the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-11 Ullas Chandran S. V. , Gabriele Di Stefano , Haritha S. , Elias John Thomas , James Tuite

We prove that every $n$-vertex tournament $G$ has an acyclic subgraph with chromatic number at least $n^{5/9-o(1)}$, while there exists an $n$-vertex tournament $G$ whose every acyclic subgraph has chromatic number at most $n^{3/4+o(1)}$.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-05-31 Jacob Fox , Matthew Kwan , Benny Sudakov

A vertex coloring of a graph is said to be \textit{conflict-free} with respect to neighborhoods if for every non-isolated vertex there is a color appearing exactly once in its (open) neighborhood. As defined in [Fabrici et al.,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-03-03 Yair Caro , Mirko Petruševski , Riste Škrekovski

This paper is a survey of results and problems related to the following question: is it true that if G is a tournament with sufficiently large chromatic number, then G has two vertex-disjoint subtournaments A,B, both with large chromatic…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-25 Tung Nguyen , Alex Scott , Paul Seymour

A \emph{star coloring} of a graph $G$ is a proper vertex-coloring such that no path on four vertices is $2$-colored. The minimum number of colors required to obtain a star coloring of a graph $G$ is called star chromatic number and it is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-05-30 Harshit Kumar Choudhary , I. Vinod Reddy

Given a multigraph, suppose that each vertex is given a local assignment of $k$ colours to its incident edges. We are interested in whether there is a choice of one local colour per vertex such that no edge has both of its local colours…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-10-13 Zdeněk Dvořák , Louis Esperet , Ross J. Kang , Kenta Ozeki

Graph colorings is a fundamental topic in graph theory that require an assignment of labels (or colors) to vertices or edges subject to various constraints. We focus on the harmonious coloring of a graph, which is a proper vertex coloring…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Ruxandra Marinescu-Ghemeci , Camelia Obreja , Alexandru Popa

An \emph{acyclic coloring} of a graph is a proper vertex coloring such that the union of any two color classes induces a disjoint collection of trees. The more restricted notion of \emph{star coloring} requires that the union of any two…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-03-30 Andrew Lyons

We study an extension to directed graphs of the parameter called the $b$-chromatic number of a graph in terms of acyclic vertex colorings: the dib-chromatic number. We give general bounds for this parameter. We also show some results about…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-10 Nahid Javier-Nol , Christian Rubio-Montiel , Ingrid Torres-Ramos

A mixed graph has a set of vertices, a set of undirected egdes, and a set of directed arcs. A proper coloring of a mixed graph $G$ is a function $c$ that assigns to each vertex in $G$ a positive integer such that, for each edge $uv$ in $G$,…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Grzegorz Gutowski , Florian Mittelstädt , Ignaz Rutter , Joachim Spoerhase , Alexander Wolff , Johannes Zink

A class domination coloring (also called cd-Coloring or dominated coloring) of a graph is a proper coloring in which every color class is contained in the neighbourhood of some vertex. The minimum number of colors required for any…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2022-03-18 R. Krithika , Ashutosh Rai , Saket Saurabh , Prafullkumar Tale

We investigate bounds on the dichromatic number of digraphs which avoid a fixed digraph as a topological minor. For a digraph $F$, denote by $\text{mader}_{\vec{\chi}}(F)$ the smallest integer $k$ such that every $k$-dichromatic digraph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-08-25 Lior Gishboliner , Raphael Steiner , Tibor Szabó

The \emph{chromatic number} of a hypergraph is the smallest number of colors needed to color the vertices such that no edge of at least two vertices is monochromatic. Given a family of geometric objects $\mathcal{F}$ that covers a subset…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-11 Gábor Damásdi , Balázs Keszegh , János Pach , Dömötör Pálvölgyi , Géza Tóth

For a simple graph $G$, a domination coloring of $G$ is a proper vertex coloring such that every vertex of $G$ dominates at least one color class, and every color class is dominated by at least one vertex. The domination chromatic number,…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2019-09-13 Yangyang Zhou , Dongyang Zhao

A dynamic coloring of a graph $G$ is a proper coloring such that for every vertex $v\in V(G)$ of degree at least 2, the neighbors of $v$ receive at least 2 colors. In this paper we present some upper bounds for the dynamic chromatic number…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-08-19 Meysam Alishahi