Related papers: Y-Calculus: A Language for Real Matrices Derived f…
Probabilistic language models are widely used in Information Retrieval (IR) to rank documents by the probability that they generate the query. However, the implementation of the probabilistic representations with programming languages that…
Most graph query languages are rooted in logic. By contrast, in this paper we consider graph query languages rooted in linear algebra. More specifically, we consider MATLANG, a matrix query language recently introduced, in which some basic…
We present a complete categorical axiomatization of a wide class of dataflow programs. This gives a three-dimensional diagrammatic language for workflows, more expressive than the directed acyclic graphs generally used for this purpose.…
Existing benchmarks for evaluating mathematical reasoning in large language models (LLMs) rely primarily on competition problems, formal proofs, or artificially challenging questions -- failing to capture the nature of mathematics…
Counting the solutions to Boolean formulae defines the problem #SAT, which is complete for the complexity class #P. We use the ZH-calculus, a universal and complete graphical language for linear maps which naturally encodes counting…
Matrix grammars are one of the first approaches ever proposed in regulated rewriting, prescribing that rules have to be applied in a certain order. Originally, they have been introduced by \'Abrah\'am on linguistic grounds. In traditional…
We modularly build increasingly larger fragments of the ZX-calculus by modularly adding new generators and relations, at each point, giving some concrete semantics in terms of some category of spans. This is performed using Lack's technique…
When a bilingual student learns to solve word problems in math, we expect the student to be able to solve these problem in both languages the student is fluent in,even if the math lessons were only taught in one language. However, current…
We study the general problem of strengthening the logic of a given (partial) (non-deterministic) matrix with a set of axioms, using the idea of rexpansion. We obtain two characterization methods: a very general but not very effective one,…
Mathematical reasoning is an increasingly important indicator of large language model (LLM) capabilities, yet we lack understanding of how LLMs process even simple mathematical tasks. To address this, we reverse engineer how three mid-sized…
We present a smorgasbord of results on the stabiliser ZX-calculus for odd prime-dimensional qudits (i.e. qupits). We derive a simplified rule set that closely resembles the original rules of qubit ZX-calculus. Using these rules, we…
We investigate the expressive power of $\mathsf{MATLANG}$, a formal language for matrix manipulation based on common matrix operations and linear algebra. The language can be extended with the operation $\mathsf{inv}$ of inverting a matrix.…
We introduce notions of simulation between semiring-weighted automata as models of quantitative systems. Our simulations are instances of the categorical/coalgebraic notions previously studied by Hasuo---hence soundness against language…
In this work, we introduce a new notion for representing graph classes with formal languages. In contrast to the seminal work by Kitaev and Pyatkin to represent graphs by words, we use formal binary languages in order to have a set of…
I present the most fundamental features of an implemented system designed to manipulate representations of regular languages. The system is structured into two layers, allowing regular languages to be represented in an increasingly compact,…
Using appropriate notation systems for proofs, cut-reduction can often be rendered feasible on these notations, and explicit bounds can be given. Developing a suitable notation system for Bounded Arithmetic, and applying these bounds, all…
Systems now exist which are able to compile unification grammars into language models that can be included in a speech recognizer, but it is so far unclear whether non-trivial linguistically principled grammars can be used for this purpose.…
In 2008 Coecke and Duncan proposed the graphical ZX-calculus rewrite system which came to formalize reasoning with quantum circuits, measurements and quantum states. The ZX-calculus is sound for qubit quantum mechanics. Hence, equality of…
This paper is a reflexion on the computability of natural language semantics. It does not contain a new model or new results in the formal semantics of natural language: it is rather a computational analysis of the logical models and…
The ZX calculus and ZH calculus use diagrams to denote and compute properties of quantum operations, using `rewrite rules' to transform between diagrams which denote the same operator through a functorial semantic map. Different semantic…