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Low-energy electron microscopy (LEEM) is a surface science method that works primarily in the UHV environment. It provides information complementary to the other established techniques: it extends the limited view of scanning probe…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-07-16 Jan Čechal , Pavel Procházka

The action of a nanoscopic spherically symmetric refractive index profile on a focused Gaussian beam may easily be envisaged as the action of a phase-modifying element, i.e. a lens: Rays traversing the inhomogeneous refractive index field…

Optics · Physics 2011-09-14 Selmke Markus , Braun Marco , Cichos Frank

In this work we report on a detailed analysis of the propagation of high energy electron beams having different shapes in a model system, namely [100] oriented zincblende GaN crystal. The analyses are based on the comparison between a…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2019-05-01 E. Rotunno , A. Tavabi , E. Yucelen , S. Frabboni , R E. Dunin Borkowski , E. Karimi , B. J. McMorran , V Grillo

Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) offers high-resolution images that are used to quantify the nanoscale atomic structure and composition of materials and biological specimens. In many cases, however, the resolution is limited…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-23 Daniel Nicholls , Alex Robinson , Jack Wells , Amirafshar Moshtaghpour , Mounib Bahri , Angus Kirkland , Nigel Browning

Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) has become the main stay for materials characterization on atomic level, with applications ranging from visualization of localized and extended defects to mapping order parameter fields. In…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2019-01-15 Xin Li , Ondrej Dyck , Sergei V. Kalinin , Stephen Jesse

Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) has a broad range of applications in materials characterization, including real-space imaging, spectroscopy, and diffraction, at length scales from the micron to sub-{\AA}ngstr\"om. The…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-06-07 Bryan D Esser , Joanne Etheridge

Ultrafast electron diffraction and time-resolved serial crystallography are the basis of the ongoing revolution in capturing at the atomic level of detail the structural dynamics of molecules. However, most experiments employ the classical…

Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) has become the technique of choice for quantitative characterization of atomic structure of materials, where the minute displacements of atomic columns from high-symmetry positions can be…

Materials Science · Physics 2021-10-05 Kevin M. Roccapriore , Nicole Creange , Maxim Ziatdinov , Sergei V. Kalinin

The motion of electrons in or near solids, liquids and gases can be tracked by forcing their ejection with attosecond x-ray pulses, derived from femtosecond lasers. The momentum of these emitted electrons carries the imprint of the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2017-06-14 C. W. Barlow-Myers , N. J. Pine , W. A. Bryan

Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) is a critical tool for imaging the properties of materials and biological specimens at atomic scale, yet our understanding of relevant electron beam damage mechanisms is incomplete. Recent…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-02 Amir Javadi Rad , Amirafshar Moshtaghpour , Dongdong Chen , Angus I. Kirkland

Electron beam probe (EBP) is a new principle detector, which makes use of a low-intensity and low-energy electron beam to measure the transverse profile, bunch shape, beam neutralization and beam wake field of an intense beam with small…

Electron diffraction through a thin patterned silicon membrane can be used to create complex spatial modulations in electron distributions by varying the intensity of different reflections using parameters such as crystallographic…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2019-05-30 L. E. Malin , W. S. Graves , M. Holl , J. C. H. Spence , E. A. Nanni , R. K. Li , X. Shen , S. Weathersby

The transmission electron microscope (TEM) has become an essential tool for innovation in nanoscience, material science, and biology. Despite these instruments being widely used across both industry and academia, academics may hesitate to…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-12-07 Patrick McBean , Zachary Milne , Arjun Kanthawar , Cameron O'Byrne , Khalid Hattar , Lewys Jones

A finite element approach to solve numerically the Takagi-Taupin equations expressed in a weak form is presented and applied to simulate X-ray reflectivity curves, spatial intensity distributions and focusing properties of bent perfect…

In this theoretical study, the author firstly discusses the wave interference of Bragg diffraction inside 3D crystal, followed by quantum mechanical interpretation on the diffraction process, and proves that the interference fringe between…

Optics · Physics 2021-05-11 Tsumoru Shintake

We present a simplified model for dynamical diffraction of particles through a periodic thick perfect crystal based on repeated application of a coherent beam splitting unitary at coarse-grained lattice sites. By demanding translational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-12-14 J. Nsofini , K. Ghofrani , D. Sarenac , D. G. Cory , D. A. Pushin

Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) has advanced rapidly in the last decade thanks to the ability to correct the major aberrations of the probe forming lens. Now atomic-sized beams are routine, even at accelerating voltages as…

Programmable electron-beam scanning offers new opportunities to improve dose efficiency and suppress scan-induced artifacts in scanning transmission electron microscopy. Here, we systematically benchmark the impact of non-raster…

High-energy electrons that are used as a probe of specimens in transmission electron microscopy exhibit a complex and rich behavior due to multiple scattering. Among other things, understanding the dynamical effects is needed for a…

Computational Physics · Physics 2018-11-26 Tadas Paulauskas , Robert F. Klie

Four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM) of local atomic diffraction patterns is emerging as a powerful technique for probing intricate details of atomic structure and atomic electric fields. However, efficient…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-01-15 Xin Li , Ondrej E. Dyck , Mark P. Oxley , Andrew R. Lupini , Leland McInnes , John Healy , Stephen Jesse , Sergei V. Kalinin