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I consider decision-making constrained by considerations of morality, rationality, or other virtues. The decision maker (DM) has a true preference over outcomes, but feels compelled to choose among outcomes that are top-ranked by some…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2020-03-17 Sarah Ridout

The analysis of decision making under uncertainty is closely related to the analysis of probabilistic inference. Indeed, much of the research into efficient methods for probabilistic inference in expert systems has been motivated by the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-03-25 Ross D. Shachter , Mark Alan Peot

While for deterministic systems, a counterexample to a property can simply be an error trace, counterexamples in probabilistic systems are necessarily more complex. For instance, a set of erroneous traces with a sufficient cumulative…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-02-11 Tomáš Brázdil , Krishnendu Chatterjee , Martin Chmelík , Andreas Fellner , Jan Křetínský

When the information about uncertainty cannot be quantified in a simple, probabilistic way, the topic of possibilistic decision theory is often a natural one to consider. The development of possibilistic decision theory has lead to a series…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-02-20 Helene Fargier , Nahla Ben Amor , Wided Guezguez

Theoretically as well as experimentally it is investigated how people represent their knowledge in order to make decisions or to share their knowledge with others. Experiment 1 probes into the ways how people 6ather information about the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-15 Alf C. Zimmer

The rapid growth of e-commerce has made people accustomed to shopping online. Before making purchases on e-commerce websites, most consumers tend to rely on rating scores and review information to make purchase decisions. With this…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Yingqiang Ge , Shuyuan Xu , Shuchang Liu , Zuohui Fu , Fei Sun , Yongfeng Zhang

Various hypotheses exist about the paths used for communication between the nodes of complex networks. Most studies simply suppose that communication goes via shortest paths, while others have more explicit assumptions about how routing…

Economists often estimate economic models on data and use the point estimates as a stand-in for the truth when studying the model's implications for optimal decision-making. This practice ignores model ambiguity, exposes the decision…

Econometrics · Economics 2021-10-07 Maximilian Blesch , Philipp Eisenhauer

Statistical mechanics determines the abundance of different arrangements of matter depending on cost-benefit balances. Its formalism and phenomenology percolate throughout biological processes and set limits to effective computation. Under…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2021-02-03 Luís F Seoane

We study problems with stochastic uncertainty information on intervals for which the precise value can be queried by paying a cost. The goal is to devise an adaptive decision tree to find a correct solution to the problem in consideration…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-09-27 Steven Chaplick , Magnús M. Halldórsson , Murilo S. de Lima , Tigran Tonoyan

In its most basic form, decision-making can be viewed as a computational process that progressively eliminates alternatives, thereby reducing uncertainty. Such processes are generally costly, meaning that the amount of uncertainty that can…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-04-09 Sebastian Gottwald , Daniel A. Braun

We model the behavioral biases of human decision-making in securing interdependent systems and show that such behavioral decision-making leads to a suboptimal pattern of resource allocation compared to non-behavioral (rational)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-11-25 Mustafa Abdallah , Daniel Woods , Parinaz Naghizadeh , Issa Khalil , Timothy Cason , Shreyas Sundaram , Saurabh Bagchi

To make informed decisions in natural environments that change over time, humans must update their beliefs as new observations are gathered. Studies exploring human inference as a dynamical process that unfolds in time have focused on…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2022-03-03 Arthur Prat-Carrabin , Robert C. Wilson , Jonathan D. Cohen , Rava Azeredo da Silveira

This paper I assume that in humans the creation of knowledge depends on a discrete time, or stage, sequential decision-making process subjected to a stochastic, information transmitting environment. For each time-stage, this environment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2007-07-13 Roy E. Murphy

The way that people make choices or exhibit preferences can be strongly affected by the set of available alternatives, often called the choice set. Furthermore, there are usually heterogeneous preferences, either at an individual level…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-08-04 Kiran Tomlinson , Austin R. Benson

Decision-makers abhor uncertainty, and it is certainly true that the less there is of it the better. However, recognizing that uncertainty is part of the equation, particularly for deciding on environmental policy, is a prerequisite for…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-09-28 Noel Cressie

Human behavior is often assumed to be hierarchically structured, made up of abstract actions that can be decomposed into concrete actions. However, behavior is typically measured as a sequence of actions, which makes it difficult to infer…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Carlos G. Correa , Sophia Sanborn , Mark K. Ho , Frederick Callaway , Nathaniel D. Daw , Thomas L. Griffiths

We study the problem of resilient strategies in the presence of uncertainty. Resilient strategies enable an agent to make decisions that are robust against disturbances. In particular, we are interested in those disturbances that are able…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Kush Grover , Markel Zubia , Debraj Chakraborty , Muqsit Azeem , Nils Jansen , Jan Kretinsky

When people pursue rewards in stochastic environments, they often match their choice frequencies to the observed target frequencies, even when this policy is demonstrably sub-optimal. We used a ``hide and seek'' task to evaluate this…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-11 Peter DiBerardino , Britt Anderson

Using results from neurobiology on perceptual decision making and value-based decision making, the problem of decision making between lotteries is reformulated in an abstract space where uncertain prospects are mapped to corresponding…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2020-01-03 Adnan Rebei