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While two-photon Hong-Ou-Mandel interference visibility has become a standard metric for single-photon sources, many optical quantum technologies require the generation and manipulation of larger photonic states. To date, efficiency…

We study both the wave-like behavior and particle-like behavior in a general Mach-Zehnder interferometer with its asymmetric beam splitter. A error-free measurement in the detector is used to extract the which-path information. The fringe…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-26 Yanjun Liu , Jing Lu , and Lan Zhou

We analyze the interference of individual photons in a linear-optical setup comprised of two overlapping Mach-Zehnder interferometers joined via a common beam splitter. We show how, in this setup, two kinds of standard interference effects…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-17 Kevin J. Randles , S. J. van Enk

We investigate quantitatively the wave-particle duality in a general Mach-Zehnder interferometer setup with an asymmetric beam splitter. The asymmetric beam splitter introduces additional a priori which-path knowledge, which is different…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-04 Li Li , Nai-Le Liu , Sixia Yu

The complementarity relations impose the constraints on different aspects of quantum states. We study the complementarity relation within a multi-path interferometer that includes detectors and quantum memory. Here we consider the mixed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-09 Yue Sun , Ming-Jing Zhao , Peng-Tong Li

Interference between two completely independent photons lies at the heart of many photonic quantum information applications such as quantum repeaters, teleportation, and quantum key distribution. Here, we report the observation of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-07 Heonoh Kin , Danbi Kim , Jiho Park , Han Seb Moon

Wave-particle duality and complementarity principle stand at the conceptual core of quantum theory in its orthodox Copenhagen interpretation. They imply that the wave behavior and particle behavior of quantum objects are mutually exclusive…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-22 Zhi-Yuan Li

This paper is a summary of my talk at SPIE2013. The organizers were kind enough to invite me to talk about anything I wanted, and I chose to bring up the notion of higher order complementarity and the fact that it may not be monotonic. I…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-02-20 Ron Folman

We use time-frequency continuous variables as the standard framework to describe states of light in the subspace of individual photons occupying distinguishable auxiliary modes. We adapt to this setting the interplay between metrological…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-02 Éloi Descamps , Arne Keller , Pérola Milman

The existence of observables that are incompatible or not jointly measurable is a characteristic feature of quantum mechanics, which lies at the root of a number of nonclassical phenomena, such as uncertainty relations, wave--particle dual…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-11-17 Huangjun Zhu

Two-photon interference underlies the functioning of many quantum photonics devices. It also serves as the prominent tool for testing the indistinguishability of distinct photons. However, as their time-spectral profile becomes more…

Photon indistinguishability is an essential concept to understanding mysterious quantum features from the viewpoint of the wave-particle duality in quantum mechanics. The physics of indistinguishability lies in the manipulation of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-15 B. S. Ham

Quantum interferometry based on induced-coherence phenomena has demonstrated the possibility of undetected-photon measurements. Perturbation in the optical path of probe photons can be detected by interference signals generated by quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-14 Eun Mi Kim , Sun Kyung Lee , Sang Min Lee , Myeong Soo Kang , Hee Su Park

We probe the principle of complementarity by performing a double-slit experiment based on entangled photons created by spontaneous parametric down-conversion from a pump mode in a TEM01-mode. Our setup brings out the need for a careful…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-07 Ralf Menzel , Robert Marx , Dirk Puhlmann , Axel Heuer , Wolfgang P. Schleich

Two particle interference phenomena, such as the Hong-Ou-Mandel effect, are a direct manifestation of the nature of the symmetry properties of indistinguishable particles as described by quantum mechanics. The Hong-Ou-Mandel effect has…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-24 Nils Trautmann , Gergely Ferenczi , Sarah Croke , Stephen M. Barnett

Multiphoton interference effects can be measured with a single detector when two input photons are temporally well separated when compared with the dead time of the single-photon avalanche detector. Here we experimentally demonstrate that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-08-02 Heonoh Kim , Sang Min Lee , Osung Kwon , Han Seb Moon

For two-path interferometers, the which-path predictability $\mathcal{P}$ and the fringe visibility $\mathcal{V}$ are familiar quantities that are much used to talk about wave-particle duality in a quantitative way. We discuss several…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-03-15 Berthold-Georg Englert , Dagomir Kaszlikowski , Leong Chuan Kwek , Wei Hui Chee

Three notions of complementarity - operational, probabilistic, and value complementarity - are reanalysed with respect to the question of joint measurements and compared with reference to some examples of canonically conjugate observables.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-01-04 P. Busch , P. J. Lahti

Photon statistics plays a governing role in multi-photon interference. While interference visibility in the standard two-photon case, known as Hong-Ou-Mandel interference, monotonically degrades with higher intensity correlation functions,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-16 Rikizo Ikuta

A modification of the standard Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer is proposed which allows one to replicate the celebrated coincidence dip in the case of two-independent delay parameters. In the ideal case where such delays are sufficiently…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-30 Yu Yang , Luping Xu , Vittorio Giovannetti