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The group scheme of ternary automorphisms of a perfect finite dimensional evolution algebra A is computed. The main advantage of using group schemes is that it allows to apply the Lie functor to determine the Lie algebra of ternary…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2024-05-17 Candido Martin Gonzalez , Jacques Rabie , Juana Sanchez-Ortega

A phylogenetic variety is an algebraic variety parameterized by a statistical model of the evolution of biological sequences along a tree. Understanding this variety is an important problem in the area of algebraic statistics with…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2024-05-22 Luis David Garcia Puente , Marina Garrote-López , Elima Shehu

In this paper, we investigate the derivations in evolution algebras that are power-associative. This problem is reduced to that of power-associative evolution nilalgebras. We show how to calculate derivations in decomposable algebras. This…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2018-12-27 Moussa Ouattara , Souleymane Savadogo

Subalgebras of upper triangular matrix algebras have played a fundamental role in the classification of minimal varieties of polynomial growth. Such classification has become a source of study in recent years since it leads to the more…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2025-12-09 Wesley Quaresma Cota , Ana Cristina Vieira

In 2019, Xiang Fan \cite{xfan} classified all permutation polynomials of degree $7$ over finite fields of odd characteristics. In this paper, we use this classification to determine the complete list of degree $7$ orthomorphism polynomials…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-30 Bhitali Kousik , Dhiren Kumar Basnet

The affine Toda field theory is studied as a 2+1-dimensional system. The third dimension appears as the discrete space dimension, corresponding to the simple roots in the $A_N$ affine root system, enumerated according to the cyclic order on…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-28 R. M. Kashaev , N. Reshetikhin

In mathematical phylogenetics, evolutionary relationships are often represented by trees and networks. The latter are typically used whenever the relationships cannot be adequately described by a tree, which happens when so-called…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-05 Mirko Wilde , Mareike Fischer

We introduce the notion of extended affine Lie superalgebras and investigate the properties of their root systems. Extended affine Lie algebras, invariant affine reflection algebras, finite dimensional basic classical simple Lie…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2015-02-13 Malihe Yousofzadeh

In this paper, we introduce some particular families of graphicable algebras obtained by following a relatively new line of research, initiated previously by some of the authors. It consists of the use of certain objects of Discrete…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2013-09-26 Juan Núñez , María Luisa Rodríguez-Arévalo , María Trinidad Villar

Let $1\leq m \leq n$ be integers with $m|n$ and $\cat{Alg}_{n,m}$ the class of central simple algebras of degree $n$ and exponent dividing $m$. In this paper, we find new, improved upper bounds for the essential dimension and 2-dimension of…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2014-02-26 Sanghoon Baek

We classify hom-Lie structures with nilpotent twisting map on $3$-dimensional complex Lie algebras, up to isomorphism, and classify all degenerations in such family. The ideas and techniques presented here can be easily extrapolated to…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2019-11-06 Edison Alberto Fernández-Culma , Nadina Elizabeth Rojas

An important aspect in the theory of algebras with polynomial identities is the study of the asymptotic behavior of the codimension sequence $c_n(A),\, n\geq 1,$ which measures the growth of polynomial identities of a given algebra $A$. In…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2025-12-05 Wesley Quaresma Cota , Felipe Yasumura

This paper describes work carried out on a model for the evolution of graph classes in complex objects. By defining evolution rules and propagation strategies on graph classes, we aim to define a user-definable means to manage data…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-02-23 Mourad Oussalah

In this paper, we study arbitrary (not necessarily associative) 3-dimensional algebras. Such an algebra A is determined by a basis and the corresponding multiplication table, which is specified by 27 structure constants. We describe all…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2026-02-27 M. V. Velasco , U. A. Rozikov , B. A. Narkuziev

An evolutionary tree is a rooted tree where each internal vertex has at least two children and where the leaves are labeled with distinct symbols representing species. Evolutionary trees are useful for modeling the evolutionary history of…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Ming-Yang Kao

In this paper we present the classification of a subclass of naturally graded Leibniz algebras. These $n$-dimensional Leibniz algebras have the characteristic sequence equal to (n-3,3). For this purpose we use the software Mathematica.

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2010-12-14 J. M. Cabezas , L. M. Camacho , J. R. Gomez , B. A. Omirov

We give a complete classification of (n+2)-dimensional n-Lie algebras over an algebraically closed field of characteristic $2$, and provide a isomorphic criterion theorem of (n+2)-dimensional n-Lie algebras.

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2010-06-11 Ruipu Bai , Xiaoling Wang , Yaozhong Zhang

Recently, by A. Elduque and A. Labra a new technique and a type of an evolution algebra are introduced. Several nilpotent evolution algebras defined in terms of bilinear forms and symmetric endomorphisms are constructed. The technique then…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2017-11-15 B. A. Omirov , U. A. Rozikov , M. V. Velasco

In this paper, we describe an elementary method for counting the number of non-isomorphic algebras of a fixed dimension over a given finite field. We show how this method works for the explicit example of $2$-dimensional algebras over the…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2019-09-30 Nikolaas D. Verhulst

In this paper, we classify four-dimensional Jordan algebras over an algebraically closed field of characteristic different of two. We establish the list of 73 non-isomorphic Jordan algebras.

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2016-02-22 María Eugenia Martin
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