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We present a critical examination of the difficulties with the quantum versions of a lifted weight that are widely used as work storage systems in quantum thermodynamics. To overcome those difficulties, we turn to the strong connections…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-06-05 Shang-Yung Wang

We discuss the possibility of extraction of energy from a single heat bath in a cyclic process, under some special initial conditions. We give an explicit example in which a system initially prepared in a microcanonical ensemble, is able to…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2012-09-11 Rahul Marathe , J. M. R. Parrondo

The key question of this paper is whether work can be extracted from a heat engine by using purely quantum mechanical information. If the answer is yes, what is its mathematical formula? First, by using a bipartite memory we show that the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-15 Jung Jun Park , Kang-Hwan Kim , Takahiro Sagawa , Sang Wook Kim

We present a thermodynamic analysis of a quantum engine that uses a single quantum particle as its working fluid, inspired by Szilard's classical single-particle engine. Our design is modeled after the classically-chaotic Szilard Map and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-11 Srinivasa Rao. P

We show how the presence of entanglement in a bipartite Gaussian state can be detected by the amount of work extracted by a continuos variable Szilard-like device, where the bipartite state serves as the working medium of the engine. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-12-20 Matteo Brunelli , Marco G. Genoni , Marco Barbieri , Mauro Paternostro

The Szil\'ard engine is a mechanism (akin to Maxwell's demon) for converting information into energy, which seemingly violates the second law of thermodynamics. Originally a classical thought experiment, it was extended to a quantized…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-29 Paul Davies , Logan Thomas , George Zahariade

A quantum heat engine (QHE) based on the interaction driving of a many-particle working medium is introduced. The cycle alternates isochoric heating and cooling strokes with both interaction-driven processes that are simultaneously…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-18 Yang-Yang Chen , Gentaro Watanabe , Yi-Cong Yu , Xi-Wen Guan , Adolfo del Campo

The conversion of thermal energy into work is usually more efficient in the slow-driving regime, where the power output is vanishingly small. Efficient work extraction for fast driving protocols remains an outstanding challenge at the…

Following the rising interest in quantum information science, the extension of a heat engine to the quantum regime by exploring microscopic quantum systems has seen a boom of interest in the last decade. Although quantum coherence in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-14 Wentao Ji , Zihua Chai , Mengqi Wang , Yuhang Guo , Xing Rong , Fazhan Shi , Changliang Ren , Ya Wang , Jiangfeng Du

Leo Szilard pointed out that Maxwell's demon can be replaced by machinery, thereby laying the foundation for understanding the physical nature of information. Szilard's information engine still serves as a canonical example after almost a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-08-31 Susanne Still , Dorian Daimer

Quantum Szilard engine constitutes an adequate interplay of thermodynamics, information theory and quantum mechanics. Szilard engines are in general operated by a Maxwell's Demon where Landauer's principle resolves the apparent paradoxes.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-22 Alhun Aydin , Altug Sisman , Ronnie Kosloff

In Szilard's engine, measurement and feedback allows to extract work from an equilibrium environment, a process otherwise forbidden by the laws of thermodynamics. Recent theoretical developments have established fluctuation theorems and…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-11-14 David Barker , Sebastian Lehmann , Kimberly A. Dick , Peter Samuelsson , Ville Maisi , Patrick P. Potts

Realistic physical systems are characterised by emergent interactions across multiple length and time scales, posing a significant challenge for predictive machine learning (ML) models. Most scientific ML models focus on a narrow range of…

We study microscopic engines that use a single active particle as their "working medium". Part of the energy required to drive the directed motion of the particle can be recovered as work, even at constant temperature. A wide class of…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-01-20 Thomas Speck

The nuclear shell model is one of the successful models in theoretical understanding of nuclear structure. If a convenient effective interaction can be found between nucleons, various observables such as energies of nuclear states are…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2020-01-24 Serkan Akkoyun , Nadjet Laouet , Fatima Benrachi

We analyze an engine whose working fluid consists of a single quantum particle, paralleling Szilard's construction of a classical single-particle engine. Following his resolution of Maxwell's Second Law paradox using the latter, which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-07 Maryam Ashrafi , Kyle J. Ray , Fabio Anza , James P. Crutchfield

We discuss work extraction from classical information engines (e.g., Szil\'ard) with $N$-particles, $q$ partitions, and initial arbitrary non-equilibrium states. In particular, we focus on their {\em optimal} behaviour, which includes the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-09-10 Léo Touzo , Matteo Marsili , Neri Merhav , Édgar Roldán

We propose a variation of the classical Szilard engine that uses a porous piston. Such an engine requires neither information about the position of the particle, nor the removal and subsequent insertion of the piston when resetting the…

Classical Physics · Physics 2022-08-18 Carlos E. Álvarez , Manuel Camargo , Gabriel Téllez

We recently argued that a self-propelled particle is formally equivalent to a system consisting of two subsystems coupled by a non-reciprocal interaction [Phys. Rev. E 100, 050603(R) (2019)]. Here we show that this non-reciprocal coupling…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2020-10-14 Grzegorz Szamel

A pair of systems at different temperatures is a classic environment for a heat engine, which produces work during the relaxation to a common equilibrium. It is generally believed that a direct interaction between the two systems will…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-10-31 A. E. Allahverdyan , Th. M. Nieuwenhuizen