Related papers: Ultra-relativistic double explosions
The blast caused by an intense explosion has been extensively studied in conservative fluids, where the Taylor-von Neumann-Sedov hydrodynamic solution is a prototypical example of self-similarity driven by conservation laws. In dissipative…
Forward shocks caused by the interaction between a relativistic blast wave and the circum-burst medium are thought to be responsible for the afterglow emission in Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs). We consider the hydrodynamics of a spherical…
A large variety of explosions result in mildly or ultra relativistic shock breakouts. Here we calculate the luminosity and spectrum that these breakouts produce. In order to do so we improve an analytic description of relativistic radiation…
The internal shock model for gamma-ray bursts involves shocks taking place in a relativistic wind with a very inhomogeneous initial distribution of the Lorentz factor. We have developed a 1D lagrangian hydrocode to follow the evolution of…
We study both analytically and numerically hydrodynamical effects of two colliding shells, the simplified models of the internal shock in various relativistic outflows such as gamma-ray bursts and blazars. We pay particular attention to…
We derive the maximum accelerated particle energy from first-order and second-order Fermi acceleration at nonrelativistic and relativistic shocks for explosions taking place in a uniform surrounding medium. Second-order stochastic processes…
In this paper, we give the covariant formulation of second gradient electrodynamics, which is a generalized electrodynamics of second order including derivatives of higher order. The relativistic form of the field equations, the…
Laser-induced breakdown has shown many potential applications in the various field of science and engineering. As the breakdown occurs in gas or aerosol, a rapid hydrodynamic expansion as shock (blast) wave initiated from the deposition…
Highly energetic, relativistic electrons are commonly present in many astrophysical systems, from solar flares to the intra-cluster medium, as indicated by observed electromagnetic radiation. However, open questions remain about the…
In almost any scenario for 'cosmological' gamma-ray bursts (and in many models where they originate in our own Galaxy), the initial energy density is so large that the resulting relativistic plasma expands with $v\sim c$ producing a blast…
Electron motion in an oblique shock wave is studied by means of a one-dimensional, relativistic, electromagnetic, particle simulation code with full ion and electron dynamics. It is found that an oblique shock can produce electrons with…
Diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) at relativistic shocks is expected to be an important acceleration mechanism in a variety of astrophysical objects including extragalactic jets in active galactic nuclei and gamma ray bursts. These sources…
Relativistic collisionless shocks are believed to be efficient particle accelerators. Nonlinear outcome of the interaction of accelerated particles that run ahead of the shock, the so-called "precursor", with the unperturbed plasma of the…
A review of theoretical results on cosmic ray first-order Fermi acceleration at relativistic shock waves is presented, with recent results substantially changing the existing knowledge on these processes. In particular one can not expect…
Electrons can be accelerated to ultrarelativistic energies at strong (high-Mach number) collisionless shock waves that form when stellar debris rapidly expands after a supernova. Collisionless shock waves also form in the flow of particles…
We present a formalism of the dynamics of internal shocks in relativistic jets where the source has a time-dependent injection velocity and mass-loss rate. The variation of the injection velocity produces a two-shock wave structure, the…
Magnetars, the likely sources of Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs), produce both steady highly relativistic magnetized winds, and occasional ejection events. We demonstrate that the requirement of conservation of the magnetic flux dominates the…
A particle acceleration mechanism by radiation pressure of precursor waves in a relativistic shock is studied. For a relativistic, perpendicular shock with the upstream bulk Lorentz factor of $\gamma_1 \gg 1$, large amplitude…
There are now several types of relativistic flows in astrophysical settings. The foremost examples are jets and disks orbiting spinning black holes, pulsar winds and gamma ray bursts. As discussed at this meeting, these flows exhibit…
(abridged) We present results of test-particle simulations on both the first and the second order Fermi acceleration at relativistic parallel shock waves. We consider two scenarios for particle injection: (i) particles injected at the shock…