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An alternative model to measure simultaneously scientific and financial performances of scientific activities is proposed. This mathematical model focuses only on the final scientific outcomes in each fiscal year to gurantee the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2008-08-18 L. T. Handoko

This article analyzes the emerging ethical turn in mathematics education, arguing that it is a nuanced extension of the sociopolitical turn. While sociopolitical studies of mathematics have highlighted systemic issues and group concerns…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2025-04-01 Dennis Müller

This is an explanation and defense of "mathematical conceptualism" for a general mathematical and philosophical audience. I make a case that it is cogent, rigorous, attractive, and better suited to ordinary mathematical practice than all…

Logic · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Nik Weaver

The belief that numbers offer a single, objective description of reality overlooks a crucial truth: data does not speak for itself. Every dataset results from choices-what to measure, how, when, and with whom-which inevitably reflect…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2025-07-08 Arthur Charpentier

A representation of economic activity in the form of a law of conservation of value is presented based on the definition of value as potential to act in an environment. This allows the encapsulation of the term as a conserved quantity…

General Economics · Economics 2023-08-15 Nick Harkiolakis

This paper casts within a unified economic framework some key challenges for the global economic order: de-globalization; the rising impracticability of global cooperation; and the increasingly confrontational nature of Great Power…

General Economics · Economics 2023-10-30 Shiro Armstrong , Danny Quah

Article purpose is the analysis of a question of possibility of technologization of philosophical knowledge. We understand the organization of cognitive activity which is guided by the set of methods guaranteed bringing to successful (i.e.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-02-09 Sergey Kulikov

The following measures against unemployment are proposed: In the short term, to promote greater income for the poorest sectors. It is shown that this can be paid with the resulting increased production, without losing income to the other…

Economics · Quantitative Finance 2017-08-23 Thomas Pedro Eggarter

Explanations are a fundamental element of how people make sense of the political world. Citizens routinely ask and answer questions about why events happen, who is responsible, and what could or should be done differently. Yet despite their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Paulina Garcia-Corral

Expectation is a central notion in probability theory. The notion of expectation also makes sense for other notions of uncertainty. We introduce a propositional logic for reasoning about expectation, where the semantics depends on the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Joseph Y. Halpern , Riccardo Pucella

Nowadays, protecting trust in social sciences also means engaging in open community dialogue, which helps to safeguard robustness and improve efficiency of research methods. The combination of open data, open review and open dialogue may…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2017-12-14 Quan-Hoang Vuong

Statistical analysis is an important tool to distinguish systematic from chance findings. Current statistical analyses rely on distributional assumptions reflecting the structure of some underlying model, which if not met lead to problems…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-11-15 Orestis Loukas , Ho Ryun Chung

Climate policy has become increasingly politicized in many countries including the US, with some political parties unwilling to pursue strong measures. Therefore, to be successful in mitigation, climate policies must be politically…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-03-13 Andrea Di Benedetto , Claudia E. Wieners , Anna S. von der Heydt

In order to legitimate and defend democratic politics under conditions of computational capital, my aim is to contribute a notion of what I am calling explanatory publics. I will explore what is at stake when we question the social and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-04-06 David M. Berry

There are many ways we can not know. Even in systems that we created ourselves, as, for example, systems in mathematical logic, Go\"edel and Tarski's theorems impose limits on what we can know. As we try to speak of the real world, things…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2020-06-04 André C. R. Martins

The 'Discussion & Debate' issue of this Euro. Phys. J. Special Topic volume is: 'Can economics be a Physical Science?' I would rather address a more general question: 'Can economics or sociology avoid joining Natural Science?' and argue…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2017-01-04 Bikas K. Chakrabarti

We believe, in the sense of supporting ideas and considering them correct while dismissing doubts about them. We take sides about ideas and theories as if that was the right thing to do. And yet, from a rational point of view, this type of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-08-24 André C. R. Martins

Simple assumptions represent a decisive reason to prefer one theory to another in everyday scientific praxis. But this praxis has little philosophical justification, since there exist many notions of simplicity, and those that can be…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2014-02-27 Luigi Scorzato

For a variety of inter-related cultural, organizational, and political reasons, progress in climate science and the actual solution of scientific problems in this field have moved at a much slower rate than would normally be possible. Not…

Physics and Society · Physics 2012-10-09 Richard S. Lindzen

Expectation is a central notion in probability theory. The notion of expectation also makes sense for other notions of uncertainty. We introduce a propositional logic for reasoning about expectation, where the semantics depends on the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-07-29 Joseph Y. Halpern , Riccardo Pucella