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Nowadays, it is thought that there are only two approaches to political economy: public finance and public choice; however, this research aims to introduce a new insight by investigating scholastic sources. We study the relevant classic…

General Economics · Economics 2023-06-21 Mohammadhosein Bahmanpour-Khalesi , Mohammadjavad Sharifzadeh

Economics does not need a scientific revolution. Economics needs accurate measurements according to high standards of natural sciences and meticulous work on revealing empirical relationships between measured variables.

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2009-04-07 Ivan O. Kitov

The seriousness of the current crisis urgently demands new economic thinking that breaks the austerity vs. deficit spending circle in economic policy. The core tenet of the paper is that the most important problems that natural and social…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2012-08-20 Jaime Gomez-Ramirez

We re-examine the old question to what extent mathematics may be compared with a game. Mainly inspired by Hilbert and Wittgenstein, our answer is that mathematics is something like a rhododendron of language games, where the rules are…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2025-08-08 Klaas Landsman , Kirti Singh

What are the effects of authoritarian regimes on scholarly research in economics? And how might economic theory survive ideological pressures? The article addresses these questions by focusing on the mathematization of economics over the…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2024-07-22 Ivan Boldyrev

We state the defining characteristic of mathematics as a type of symmetry where one can change the connotation of a mathematical statement in a certain way when the statement's truth value remains the same. This view of mathematics as…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2013-06-19 Noson S. Yanofsky , Mark Zelcer

I provide a critical commentary regarding the attitude of the logician and the philosopher towards the physicist and physics. The commentary is intended to showcase how a general change in attitude towards making scientific inquiries can be…

General Physics · Physics 2021-10-22 Abhishek Majhi

This paper argues that the fundamental principle of contemporary financial economics is balanced reciprocity, not the principle of utility maximisation that is important in economics more generally. The argument is developed by analysing…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2013-10-11 Timothy C. Johnson

This paper is an original attempt to understand the foundations of economic reasoning. It endeavors to rigorously define the relationship between subjective interpretations and objective valuations of such interpretations in the context of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-05-20 Daniel Lu

We argue for a foundational epistemic claim and a hypothesis about the production and uses of mathematical epidemiological models, exploring the consequences for our political and socio-economic lives. First, in order to make the best use…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-04-02 Matthias Kaiser , Tatjana Buklijas , Peter Gluckman

Many economic theories have been introduced over the course of history to articulate our understanding of the economy. Classical theories by Adam Smith and David Ricardo's Comparative Advantage have been foundational for the last century's…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-11-19 Sidharth Gat

In the same way as the Hilbert Program was a response to the foundational crisis of mathematics, this article tries to formulate a research program for the socio-economic sciences. The aim of this contribution is to stimulate research in…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2010-12-21 Dirk Helbing , Stefano Balietti

Mathematicians occasionally discover interesting truths even when they are playing with mathematical ideas with no thoughts about possible consequences of their actions. This paper describes two specific instances of this phenomenon. The…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2019-08-27 Gizem Karaali

The use of science for policy is at the core of a perfect storm generated by the insurgence of several concurrent crises: of science, of trust, of sustainability. The modern positivistic model of science for policy, known as evidence based…

Economics · Quantitative Finance 2018-08-02 Andrea Saltelli , Mario Giampietro

A definition of what counts as an explanation of mathematical statement, and when one explanation is better than another, is given. Since all mathematical facts must be true in all causal models, and hence known by an agent, mathematical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Joseph Y. Halpern

The best empirical research in political science clearly defines substantive parameters of interest, presents a set of assumptions that guarantee its identification, and uses an appropriate estimator. We argue for the importance of…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-02-06 Nathan Canen , Kristopher Ramsay

This paper offers a synthesis of the empirical literature on the effects of monetary policy. Using the findings from an extensive collection of meta-analyses, it evaluates the effectiveness of conventional and unconventional monetary policy…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-09-25 Ricardo Alonzo Fernandez Salguero

As an approach to a Theory of Everything a framework for developing a coherent theory of mathematics and physics together is described. The main characteristic of such a theory is discussed: the theory must be valid and and sufficiently…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Paul Benioff

Mathematics is usually regarded as a kind of language. The essential behavior of physical phenomena can be expressed by mathematical laws, providing descriptions and predictions. In the present essay I argue that, although mathematics can…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2016-04-01 Christine Cordula Dantas

Participants in political discourse employ rhetorical strategies -- such as hedging, attributions, or denials -- to display varying degrees of belief commitments to claims proposed by themselves or others. Traditionally, political…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-09 Ankita Gupta , Su Lin Blodgett , Justin H Gross , Brendan O'Connor