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Geophysical and other natural processes often exhibit non-stationary covariances and this feature is important to take into account for statistical models that attempt to emulate the physical process. A convolution-based model is used to…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-11-23 Douglas Nychka , Dorit Hammerling , Mitchell Krock , Ashton Wiens

The growing field of large-scale time domain astronomy requires methods for probabilistic data analysis that are computationally tractable, even with large datasets. Gaussian Processes are a popular class of models used for this purpose…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2017-11-15 Daniel Foreman-Mackey , Eric Agol , Sivaram Ambikasaran , Ruth Angus

Due to the accuracy now reached by space geodetic techniques, and also considering some modelisations, the temporal variations of some Earth Gravity Field coefficients can be determined. They are due to Earth oceanic and solid tides, as…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-11-29 G. Bourda , N. Capitaine

In the analysis of multivariate spatial and univariate spatio-temporal data, it is commonly recognized that asymmetric dependence may exist, which can be addressed using an asymmetric (matrix or space-time, respectively) covariance function…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-29 Drew Yarger

Covariance functions are the core of spatial statistics, stochastic processes, machine learning as well as many other theoretical and applied disciplines. The properties of the covariance function at small and large distances determine the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-01-16 Alfredo Alegría , Fabián Ramírez , Emilio Porcu

The Matern family of covariance functions is currently the most commonly used for the analysis of geostatistical data due to its ability to describe different smoothness behaviors. Yet, in many applications the smoothness parameter is set…

Applications · Statistics 2022-08-30 Victor De Oliveira , Zifei Han

Technological developments and open data policies have made large, global environmental datasets accessible to everyone. For analysing such datasets, including spatiotemporal correlations using traditional models based on Gaussian processes…

Computation · Statistics 2020-07-01 Marius Appel , Edzer Pebesma

Gaussian random fields with Mat\'ern covariance functions are popular models in spatial statistics and machine learning. In this work, we develop a spatio-temporal extension of the Gaussian Mat\'ern fields formulated as solutions to a…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-04-06 Finn Lindgren , Haakon Bakka , David Bolin , Elias Krainski , Håvard Rue

We provide a method for fast and exact simulation of Gaussian random fields on spheres having isotropic covariance functions. The method proposed is then extended to Gaussian random fields defined over spheres cross time and having…

Computation · Statistics 2018-07-12 Francisco Cuevas , Emilio Porcu , Denis Allard

Gaussian random fields (GRF) are a fundamental stochastic model for spatiotemporal data analysis. An essential ingredient of GRF is the covariance function that characterizes the joint Gaussian distribution of the field. Commonly used…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-11-10 Jie Chen , Michael L. Stein

The study of covariances (or positive definite functions) on the sphere (the Earth, in our motivation) goes back to Bochner and Schoenberg (1940--42) and to the first author (1969, 1973), among others. Extending to the geotemporal case…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-06-22 N. H. Bingham , Tasmin L. Symons

Modeling data with non-stationary covariance structure is important to represent heterogeneity in geophysical and other environmental spatial processes. In this work, we investigate a multistage approach to modeling non-stationary…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-02-05 Ashton Wiens , Douglas Nychka , William Kleibe

In geostatistics, it is common to model spatially distributed phenomena through an underlying stationary and isotropic spatial process. However, these assumptions are often untenable in practice because of the influence of local effects in…

Applications · Statistics 2012-02-29 Brian J. Reich , Jo Eidsvik , Michele Guindani , Amy J. Nail , Alexandra M. Schmidt

Analyzing the covariance structure of data is a fundamental task of statistics. While this task is simple for low-dimensional observations, it becomes challenging for more intricate objects, such as multivariate functions. Here, the…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-01-12 Holger Dette , Gauthier Dierickx , Tim Kutta

Max-stable processes have proved to be useful for the statistical modelling of spatial extremes. Several representations of max-stable random fields have been proposed in the literature. For statistical inference it is often assumed that…

Methodology · Statistics 2011-07-25 Richard A. Davis , Claudia Klüppelberg , Christina Steinkohl

Spatio-temporal covariances are important for describing the spatio-temporal variability of underlying random processes in geostatistical data. For second-order stationary processes, there exist subclasses of covariance functions that…

Applications · Statistics 2017-05-05 Huang Huang , Ying Sun

Many applications produce multiway data of exceedingly high dimension. Modeling such multi-way data is important in multichannel signal and video processing where sensors produce multi-indexed data, e.g. over spatial, frequency, and…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-12-06 Yu Wang , Zeyu Sun , Dogyoon Song , Alfred Hero

Accurately representing surface weather at the sub-kilometer scale is crucial for optimal decision-making in a wide range of applications. This motivates the use of statistical techniques to provide accurate and calibrated probabilistic…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-11-15 Francesco Zanetta , Daniele Nerini , Matteo Buzzi , Henry Moss

With the widespread availability of satellite-based instruments, many geophysical processes are measured on a global scale and they often show strong nonstationarity in the covariance structure. In this paper we present a flexible class of…

Applications · Statistics 2009-01-27 Mikyoung Jun , Michael L. Stein

Spatio-temporal processes in environmental applications are often assumed to follow a Gaussian model, possibly after some transformation. However, heterogeneity in space and time might have a pattern that will not be accommodated by…

Applications · Statistics 2021-10-15 Thaís C. O. da Fonseca , Viviana G. R. Lobo , Alexandra M. Schmidt