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This study demonstrates the capabilities of several methods for analyzing the sensitivity of neural networks to perturbations of the input data and interpreting their underlying mechanisms. The investigated approaches include the Sobol…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-04-22 Jiaxuan Miao , Sergey Matveev

The approximation of a high-dimensional vector by a small combination of column vectors selected from a fixed matrix has been actively debated in several different disciplines. In this paper, a sampling approach based on the Monte Carlo…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-10-05 Tomoyuki Obuchi , Yoshiyuki Kabashima

The Monte Carlo differential operator sampling method is applied to the computation of sensitivity coefficients of unresolved resonance probability table cross sections. Three new analytical benchmarks for verifying unresolved resonance…

Computational Physics · Physics 2024-12-03 Brian C. Kiedrowski

Monte Carlo integration is a commonly used technique to compute intractable integrals and is typically thought to perform poorly for very high-dimensional integrals. To show that this is not always the case, we examine Monte Carlo…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-05-26 Yanbo Tang

This paper presents a spatial Global Sensitivity Analysis (GSA) approach in a 2D shallow water equations based High Resolution (HR) flood model. The aim of a spatial GSA is to produce sensitivity maps which are based on Sobol index…

Applications · Statistics 2016-03-24 M Abily , N. Bertrand , O Delestre , P Gourbesville , C. -M. Duluc

One-dimensional Poincare inequalities are used in Global Sensitivity Analysis (GSA) to provide derivative-based upper bounds and approximations of Sobol indices. We add new perspectives by investigating weighted Poincare inequalities. Our…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-12-09 David Heredia , Aldéric Joulin , Olivier Roustant

It is well-known that Sobol indices, which count among the most popular sensitivity indices, are based on the Sobol decomposition. Here we challenge this construction by redefining Sobol indices without the Sobol decomposition. In fact, we…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-23 Gildas Mazo

Many mathematical models involve input parameters, which are not precisely known. Global sensitivity analysis aims to identify the parameters whose uncertainty has the largest impact on the variability of a quantity of interest (output of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-03-26 Alexandre Janon

Many mathematical models involve input parameters, which are not precisely known. Global sensitivity analysis aims to identify the parameters whose uncertainty has the largest impact on the variability of a quantity of interest (output of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-03-27 Alexandre Janon , Thierry Klein , Agnes Lagnoux-Renaudie , Maëlle Nodet , Clémentine Prieur

We provide a collection of results on covariance expressions between Monte Carlo based multi-output mean, variance, and Sobol main effect variance estimators from an ensemble of models. These covariances can be used within multi-fidelity…

Computation · Statistics 2024-07-01 Thomas O. Dixon , James E. Warner , Geoffrey F. Bomarito , Alex A. Gorodetsky

For many geophysical measurements, such as direct current or electromagnetic induction methods, information fades away with depth. This has to be taken into account when interpreting models estimated from such measurements. For that reason,…

Geophysics · Physics 2020-12-18 Christin Bobe , Johannes Keller , Ellen Van De Vijver

In predictive modeling with simulation or machine learning, it is critical to accurately assess the quality of estimated values through output analysis. In recent decades output analysis has become enriched with methods that quantify the…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-10-27 Kimia Vahdat , Sara Shashaani

In statistical data assimilation (SDA) and supervised machine learning (ML), we wish to transfer information from observations to a model of the processes underlying those observations. For SDA, the model consists of a set of differential…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2020-01-22 Zheng Fang , Adrian S. Wong , Kangbo Hao , Alexander J. A. Ty , Henry D. I. Abarbanel

Global sensitivity analysis of complex numerical models can be performed by calculating variance-based importance measures of the input variables, such as the Sobol indices. However, these techniques, requiring a large number of model…

Methodology · Statistics 2008-02-08 Amandine Marrel , Bertrand Iooss , Beatrice Laurent , Olivier Roustant

The global sensitivity analysis of a complex numerical model often calls for the estimation of variance-based importance measures, named Sobol' indices. Metamodel-based techniques have been developed in order to replace the cpu…

Computation · Statistics 2011-04-22 Amandine Marrel , Bertrand Iooss , Michel Jullien , Beatrice Laurent , Elena Volkova

Integrating advanced communication protocols in production has accelerated the adoption of data-driven predictive quality methods, notably machine learning (ML) models. However, ML models in image classification often face significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Lukas Bahr , Lucas Poßner , Konstantin Weise , Sophie Gröger , Rüdiger Daub

Global sensitivity analysis (GSA) is a recommended step in the use of computer simulation models. GSA quantifies the relative importance of model inputs on outputs (Factor Ranking), identifies inputs that could be fixed, thus simplifying…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-27 Ken Newman , Shaini Naha , Leah Jackson-Blake , Cairistiona Topp , Miriam Glendell , Adam Butler

This paper explores the application of active learning strategies to adaptively learn Sobol indices for global sensitivity analysis. We demonstrate that active learning for Sobol indices poses unique challenges due to the definition of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Mohit Chauhan , Mariel Ojeda-Tuz , Ryan Catarelli , Kurtis Gurley , Dimitrios Tsapetis , Michael D. Shields

The global sensitivity analysis of a numerical model aims to quantify, by means of sensitivity indices estimate, the contributions of each uncertain input variable to the model output uncertainty. The so-called Sobol' indices, which are…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-11-26 Bertrand Iooss , Clémentine Prieur

Sensitivity analysis plays an important role in the development of computer models/simulators through identifying the contribution of each (uncertain) input factor to the model output variability. This report investigates different aspects…

Computation · Statistics 2022-06-24 Hossein Mohammadi , Peter Challenor , Clémentine Prieur