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The Wasserstein distance between two probability measures on a metric space is a measure of closeness with applications in statistics, probability, and machine learning. In this work, we consider the fundamental question of how quickly the…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-07-04 Jonathan Weed , Francis Bach

In this paper, we consider the problem of propagating an uncertain distribution by a possibly non-linear function and quantifying the resulting uncertainty. We measure the uncertainty using the Wasserstein distance, and for a given input…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-13 Eduardo Figueiredo , Steven Adams , Peyman Mohajerin Esfahani , Luca Laurenti

While statistical modeling of distributional data has gained increased attention, the case of multivariate distributions has been somewhat neglected despite its relevance in various applications. This is because the Wasserstein distance,…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-21 Han Chen , Yidong Zhou , Hans-Georg Müller

Consider the empirical measure, $\hat{\mathbb{P}}_N$, associated to $N$ i.i.d. samples of a given probability distribution $\mathbb{P}$ on the unit interval. For fixed $\mathbb{P}$ the Wasserstein distance between $\hat{\mathbb{P}}_N$ and…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-07-04 Samuel N. Cohen , Martin N. A. Tegnér , Johannes Wiesel

This work presents several expected generalization error bounds based on the Wasserstein distance. More specifically, it introduces full-dataset, single-letter, and random-subset bounds, and their analogues in the randomized subsample…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-03-29 Borja Rodríguez-Gálvez , Germán Bassi , Ragnar Thobaben , Mikael Skoglund

We study the problem of distributional matrix completion: Given a sparsely observed matrix of empirical distributions, we seek to impute the true distributions associated with both observed and unobserved matrix entries. This is a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-09 Jacob Feitelberg , Kyuseong Choi , Anish Agarwal , Raaz Dwivedi

We provide upper bounds of the expected Wasserstein distance between a probability measure and its empirical version, generalizing recent results for finite dimensional Euclidean spaces and bounded functional spaces. Such a generalization…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-01-29 Jing Lei

Distribution data refers to a data set where each sample is represented as a probability distribution, a subject area receiving burgeoning interest in the field of statistics. Although several studies have developed…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-02-09 Ryo Okano , Masaaki Imaizumi

Random probabilities are a key component to many nonparametric methods in Statistics and Machine Learning. To quantify comparisons between different laws of random probabilities several works are starting to use the elegant Wasserstein over…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-05-27 Marta Catalano , Hugo Lavenant

In this paper we present a linear regression model for modal symbolic data. The observed variables are histogram variables according to the definition given in the framework of Symbolic Data Analysis and the parameters of the model are…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-05-03 Antonio Irpino , Rosanna Verde

Generating samples given a specific label requires estimating conditional distributions. We derive a tractable upper bound of the Wasserstein distance between conditional distributions to lay the theoretical groundwork to learn conditional…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-08-29 Young-geun Kim , Kyungbok Lee , Youngwon Choi , Joong-Ho Won , Myunghee Cho Paik

Parameter estimation is a fundamental challenge in machine learning, crucial for tasks such as neural network weight fitting and Bayesian inference. This paper focuses on the complexity of estimating translation $\boldsymbol{\mu} \in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Valentio Iverson , Stephen Vavasis

Wasserstein geometry and information geometry are two important structures introduced in a manifold of probability distributions. The former is defined by using the transportation cost between two distributions, so it reflects the metric…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-03-13 Shun-ichi Amari

We develop a kernel projected Wasserstein distance for the two-sample test, an essential building block in statistics and machine learning: given two sets of samples, to determine whether they are from the same distribution. This method…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-05-10 Jie Wang , Rui Gao , Yao Xie

Squared Wasserstein distance is a frequently used tool to measure discrepancy between probability distributions. This distance is typically computed between empirical measures of size $n$ from two underlying random samples. Unfortunately,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-20 Peter Matthew Jacobs , Jeff M. Phillips

This paper presents a distance-based discriminative framework for learning with probability distributions. Instead of using kernel mean embeddings or generalized radial basis kernels, we introduce embeddings based on dissimilarity of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-16 Alain Rakotomamonjy , Abraham Traoré , Maxime Berar , Rémi Flamary , Nicolas Courty

This paper derives non-asymptotic error bounds for nonlinear stochastic approximation algorithms in the Wasserstein-$p$ distance. To obtain explicit finite-sample guarantees for the last iterate, we develop a coupling argument that compares…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Seo Taek Kong , R. Srikant

The autocovariance and cross-covariance functions naturally appear in many time series procedures (e.g., autoregression or prediction). Under assumptions, empirical versions of the autocovariance and cross-covariance are asymptotically…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-05-09 Andreas Anastasiou , Tobias Kley

We propose a new functional analytic approach to Stein's method of exchangeable pairs that does not require the pair at hand to satisfy any approximate linear regression property. We make use of this theory in order to derive abstract…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-08-13 Christian Döbler

In this paper we introduce a Wasserstein-type distance on the set of Gaussian mixture models. This distance is defined by restricting the set of possible coupling measures in the optimal transport problem to Gaussian mixture models. We…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-06-15 Julie Delon , Agnes Desolneux