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There are numerous ways to represent real numbers. We may use, e.g., Cauchy sequences, Dedekind cuts, numerical base-10 expansions, numerical base-2 expansions and continued fractions. If we work with full Turing computability, all these…

Logic · Mathematics 2020-03-30 Ivan Georgiev , Lars Kristiansen , Frank Stephan

Expansion of real numbers is a basic research topic in number theory. Usually we expand real numbers in one given base. In this paper, we begin to systematically study expansions in multiple given bases in a reasonable way, which is a…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2020-07-22 Yao-Qiang Li

In this paper, we construct certain infinite families of imaginary quadratic fields whose class number is divisible by a given positive integer.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2012-12-11 Akiko Ito

We introduce and study expansions of real numbers with respect to two integer bases.

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-02-04 Jörg Neunhäuserer

Let $(\alpha,\mathcal{N}_{\alpha})$ and $(\beta,\mathcal{N}_{\beta})$ be two canonical number systems for an imaginary quadratic number field $K$ such that $\alpha$ and $\beta$ are multiplicatively independent. We provide an effective lower…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-11-30 Divyum Sharma

Complex numbers are indispensable in quantum mechanics and the resource theory of imaginarity has been developed recently. In this paper, we propose a method to construct imaginary measures by real part states. Specifically, we propose an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-22 Jingyan Liu , Yue Sun , Jianwei Xu , Ming-Jing Zhao

This paper studies a partial-fraction expansion for lossless negative imaginary systems and presents a generalized lossless negative imaginary lemma by allowing poles at zero. First, a necessary and sufficient condition for a system to be…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-08-27 Mei Liu , Gang Chen

We introduce and study non-uniform expansions of real numbers, given by two non-integer bases.

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2021-09-01 Jörg Neunhäuserer

This paper focuses on greedy expansions, one possible representation of numbers, and on arithmetical operations with them. Performing addition or multiplication some additional digits can appear. We study bounds on the number of such digits…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-12-16 Magdaléna Tinková

This report continues the discussion of unitary error bases and quantum codes begun in "Non-binary Unitary Error Bases and Quantum Codes". Nice error bases are characterized in terms of the existence of certain characters in a group. A…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 E. Knill

The state of a finite-dimensional quantum system is described by a density matrix that can be decomposed into a real diagonal, a real off-diagonal and and an imaginary off-diagonal part. The latter plays a peculiar role. While it is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-24 Simon Morelli , Santiago Llorens , Jens Siewert

In additive number theory, a finite set $A$ of integers is an $h$-basis for $n$ if every integer in $\{0,1,2,\ldots, n\}$ can be represented as the sum of exactly $h$ not necessarily distinct elements of $A$. This paper introduces a new…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-28 Melvyn B. Nathanson

A Generalized Numeration Base is defined in this paper, and then particular cases are presented, such as Prime Base, Square Base, m-Power Base, Factorial Base, and operations in these bases. These bases are important for partitions of…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Florentin Smarandache

I consider the expansion of transcendental functions in a small parameter around rational numbers. This includes in particular the expansion around half-integer values. I present algorithms which are suitable for an implementation within a…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-11-10 Stefan Weinzierl

Investigations of monogenity and power integral bases were recently extended from the absolute case (over Q) to the relative case (over algebraic number fields). Formerly, in the relative case we only succeeded to calculate generators of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-04-14 István Gaál , László Remete

Some time ago we extended our monogenity investigations and calculations of generators of power integral bases to the relative case. Up to now we considered (usually totally real) extensions of complex quartic fields. In the present paper…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-04-14 István Gaál

The goal is to obtain an asymptotic formula for the number of quadratic extensions with bounded discriminant of a some quadratic number field with odd class number. This extends an already known result for Q.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-09-22 Alexandr Beneš

Problems in additive number theory related to sum and difference sets, more general binary linear forms, and representation functions of additive bases for the integers and nonnegative integers.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Melvyn B. Nathanson

There has been always an ambiguity in division when zero is present in the denominator. So far this ambiguity has been neglected by assuming that division by zero as a non-allowed operation. In this paper, I have derived the new set of…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2011-07-07 Mohd Abubakr

An alternative organization for Differential and Integral Calculus, based on an extension of real numbers that include infinitesimal and infinite quantities, is presented. Only Elementary Set Theory is used, without reference to methods or…

funct-an · Mathematics 2008-02-03 Sergio Ferreira Cortizo
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