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Following an early work of Dwork and Stockmeyer on interactive proof systems whose verifiers are two-way probabilistic finite automata, the authors initiated in 2004 a study on the computational power of quantum interactive proof systems…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-08-25 Harumichi Nishimura , Tomoyuki Yamakami

Autonomous systems use independent decision-making with only limited human intervention to accomplish goals in complex and unpredictable environments. As the autonomy technologies that underpin them continue to advance, these systems will…

Undergraduate students of artificial intelligence often struggle with representing knowledge as logical sentences. This is a skill that seems to require extensive practice to obtain, suggesting a teaching strategy that involves the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2015-07-15 Angelo Kyrilov , David Noelle

Artificial intelligence assisted mathematical proof has become a highly focused area nowadays. One key problem in this field is to generate formal mathematical proofs from natural language proofs. Due to historical reasons, the formal proof…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Lihan Xie , Zhicheng Hui , Qinxiang Cao

Formally verifying system properties is one of the most effective ways of improving system quality, but its high manual effort requirements often render it prohibitively expensive. Tools that automate formal verification, by learning from…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Alex Sanchez-Stern , Emily First , Timothy Zhou , Zhanna Kaufman , Yuriy Brun , Talia Ringer

Modern separation logics allow one to prove rich properties of intricate code, e.g. functional correctness and linearizability of non-blocking concurrent code. However, this expressiveness leads to a complexity that makes these logics…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-08-16 Felix A. Wolf , Malte Schwerhoff , Peter Müller

Foundational verification allows programmers to build software which has been empirically shown to have high levels of assurance in a variety of important domains. However, the cost of producing foundationally verified software remains…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-06-01 Alex Sanchez-Stern , Yousef Alhessi , Lawrence Saul , Sorin Lerner

In recent years, program verifiers and interactive theorem provers have become more powerful and more suitable for verifying large programs or proofs. This has demonstrated the need for improving the user experience of these tools to…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2014-04-29 K. Rustan M. Leino , Valentin Wüstholz

In various provers and deductive verification tools, logical transformations are used extensively in order to reduce a proof task into a number of simpler tasks. Logical transformations are often part of the trusted base of such tools. In…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-07-07 Quentin Garchery

A computational system is called autonomous if it is able to make its own decisions, or take its own actions, without human supervision or control. The capability and spread of such systems have reached the point where they are beginning to…

This paper describes the formal verification of two Turing machines using the program verifier Dafny. Both machines are deciders, so we prove total correctness. They are typical first examples of Turing machines used in any course of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Edgar F. A. Lederer

We argue that it is neither necessary nor sufficient for a mathematical proof to have epistemic value that it be "correct", in the sense of formalizable in a formal proof system. We then present a view on the relationship between…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2026-02-16 James Owen Weatherall , Jesse Wolfson

The application of automatic theorem provers to discharge proof obligations is necessary to apply formal methods in an efficient manner. Tools supporting formal methods, such as Atelier~B, generate proof obligations fully automatically.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-01-31 Lilian Burdy , David Déharbe , Étienne Prun

Automatic software verification tools help to find hard-to-detect faults in programs checked against specified requirements non-interactively. Besides, they can prove program correctness formally under certain assumptions. These…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Ilja Zakharov , Evgeny Novikov , Ilya Shchepetkov

A program verifier is a tool that can be used to verify that a "contract" for a program holds - i.e. given a precondition the program guarantees that a given postcondition holds - by only working at the level of the annotated program. An…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2014-06-12 Gudmund Grov

We present a prototype of an integrated reasoning environment for educational purposes. The presented tool is a fragment of a proof assistant and automated theorem prover. We describe the existing and planned functionality of the theorem…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-03-06 Mario Frank , Christoph Kreitz

A program verifier produces reliable results only if both the logic used to justify the program's correctness is sound, and the implementation of the program verifier is itself correct. Whereas it is common to formally prove soundness of…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Gaurav Parthasarathy , Peter Müller , Alexander J. Summers

We introduce Prove-It, a Python-based general-purpose interactive theorem-proving assistant designed with the goal of making formal theorem proving as easy and natural as informal theorem proving (with moderate training). Prove-It uses a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Wayne M. Witzel , Warren D. Craft , Robert D. Carr , Joaquín E. Madrid Larrañaga

Interactive theorem provers (ITPs) are powerful tools for the formal verification of mathematical proofs down to the axiom level. However, their lack of a natural language interface remains a significant limitation. Recent advancements in…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Xiaolin Hu , Qinghua Zhou , Bogdan Grechuk , Ivan Y. Tyukin

With the widespread consumption of AI-generated content, there has been an increased focus on developing automated tools to verify the factual accuracy of such content. However, prior research and tools developed for fact verification treat…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Varich Boonsanong , Vidhisha Balachandran , Xiaochuang Han , Shangbin Feng , Lucy Lu Wang , Yulia Tsvetkov