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Factorizations of monoids are studied. Two necessary and sufficient conditions in terms of so-called descent 1-cocyles for a monoid to be factorized through two submonoids are found. A full classification of those factorizations of a monoid…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2022-03-07 Zsolt Adam Balogh , Tamar Mesablishvili

Convex polyominoes can be refined according to the number of direction changes in monotone paths connecting pairs of cells, leading to the notion of $k$-convexity. In particular, the cases $k=1$ and $k=2$ correspond to $L$-convex and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-30 Nicholas Beaton , Simone Rinaldi

This work is divided into three parts. The first part concerns polynomials in one variable with all real roots. We consider linear transformations that preserve real rootedness, as well as matrices that preserve interlacing. The second part…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2008-03-11 Steve Fisk

Finding an efficient optimal partial tiling algorithm is still an open problem. We have worked on a special case, the tiling of Manhattan polyominoes with dominoes, for which we give an algorithm linear in the number of columns. Some…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2009-11-17 Olivier Bodini , Jérémie Lumbroso

A locked $t$-omino tiling is a grid tiling by $t$-ominoes such that, if you remove any pair of tiles, the only way to fill in the remaining $2t$ grid cells with $t$-ominoes is to use the same two tiles in the exact same configuration as…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-12-11 Jamie Tucker-Foltz

Given a periodic placement of copies of a tromino (either L or I), we prove co-RE-completeness (and hence undecidability) of deciding whether it can be completed to a plane tiling. By contrast, the problem becomes decidable if the initial…

Fold-and-cut theorem claims the possibility to cut out from a sheet a set of straight-line drawing using only one cut of scissors, without producing any other cut in the sheet and separating all the figures at the same time, just by folding…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2020-04-21 M. L. Spreafico , E. Tramuns

We propose that protein loops can be interpreted as topological domain-wall solitons. They interpolate between ground states that are the secondary structures like alpha-helices and beta-strands. Entire proteins can then be folded simply by…

Biological Physics · Physics 2014-11-20 M. N. Chernodub , Shuangwei Hu , Antti J. Niemi

We give a $O(n)$-time algorithm for determining whether translations of a polyomino with $n$ edges can tile the plane. The algorithm is also a $O(n)$-time algorithm for enumerating all such tilings that are also regular, and we prove that…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2015-09-23 Andrew Winslow

We prove that any finite polyhedral manifold in 3D can be continuously flattened into 2D while preserving intrinsic distances and avoiding crossings, answering a 19-year-old open problem, if we extend standard folding models to allow for…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Zachary Abel , Erik D. Demaine , Martin L. Demaine , Jason S. Ku , Jayson Lynch , Jin-ichi Itoh , Chie Nara

In this paper, we study how to fold a specified origami crease pattern in order to minimize the impact of paper thickness. Specifically, origami designs are often expressed by a mountain-valley pattern (plane graph of creases with relative…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-03-22 Erik D. Demaine , David Eppstein , Adam Hesterberg , Hiro Ito , Anna Lubiw , Ryuhei Uehara , Yushi Uno

A reduced model, which can fold both helix and sheet structures, is proposed to study the problem of protein folding. The goal of this model is to find an unbiased effective potential that has included the effects of water and at the same…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2007-05-23 Nan-yow Chen

A method is presented for constructing closed surfaces out of Euclidean polygons with infinitely many segment identifications along the boundary. The metric on the quotient is identified. A sufficient condition is presented which guarantees…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2014-11-11 André de Carvalho , Toby Hall

We introduce a computational origami problem which we call the segment folding problem: given a set of $n$ line-segments in the plane the aim is to make creases along all segments in the minimum number of folding steps. Note that a folding…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2022-01-17 Takashi Horiyama , Fabian Klute , Matias Korman , Irene Parada , Ryuhei Uehara , Katsuhisa Yamanaka

This chapter deals with the exact enumeration of certain classes of self-avoiding polygons and polyominoes on the square lattice. We present three general approaches that apply to many classes of polyominoes. The common principle to all of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-11-27 Mireille Bousquet-Mélou , Richard Brak

A (convex) polytope $P$ is said to be $2$-level if for every direction of hyperplanes which is facet-defining for $P$, the vertices of $P$ can be covered with two hyperplanes of that direction. The study of these polytopes is motivated by…

We prove that octants are cover-decomposable, i.e., any 12-fold covering of any subset of the space with a finite number of translates of a given octant can be decomposed into two coverings. As a corollary, we obtain that any 12-fold…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-03-17 Balázs Keszegh , Dömötör Pálvölgyi

We consider the problem of finding and enumerating polyominos that can be folded into multiple non-isomorphic boxes. While several computational approaches have been proposed, including SAT, randomized algorithms, and decision diagrams,…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Long Qian , Eric Wang , Bernardo Subercaseaux , Marijn J. H. Heule

Two planar sets are circularly separable if there exists a circle enclosing one of the sets and whose open interior disk does not intersect the other set. This paper studies two problems related to circular separability. A linear-time…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2016-08-31 Jean-Daniel Boissonnat , Jurek Czyzowicz , Olivier Devillers , Mariette Yvinec

We investigate manifolds obtained as a quotient of a doubly warped product. We show that they are always covered by the product of two suitable leaves. This allows us to prove, under regularity hypothesis, that these manifolds are a doubly…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2014-07-24 Manuel Gutiérrez , Benjamín Olea