Related papers: Additive bases and flows in graphs

We prove that, in several settings, a graph has exponentially many nowhere-zero flows. These results may be seen as a counting alternative to the well-known proofs of existence of $Z_3$-, $Z_4$-, and $Z_6$-flows. In the dual setting,…

In this paper, we investigate the global clustering coefficient (a.k.a transitivity) and clique number of graphs generated by a preferential attachment random graph model with an additional feature of allowing edge connections between…

We develop a theory of confluence of graphs. We describe an algorithm for proving that a given system of reduction rules for abstract graphs and graphs in surfaces is locally confluent. We apply this algorithm to show that each simple Lie…

A theory of complexity for pairs (M,G) with M an arbitrary closed 3-manifold and G a 3-valent graph in M was introduced by the first two named authors, extending the original notion due to Matveev. The complexity c is known to be always…

Let PR$[n]$ be the graph whose vertices are $2,3,\ldots,n$ with vertex $v$ adjacent to vertex $w$ if and only if $\gcd(v,w)>1$. It is shown that $\pi(n)$, the the number of primes no more than $n$, equals the Lov\'{a}sz number of this…

In 1999, De Simone and K\"{o}rner conjectured that every graph without induced $C_5,C_7,\overline{C}_7$ contains a clique cover $\mathcal C$ and a stable set cover $\mathcal I$ such that every clique in $\mathcal C$ and every stable set in…

For an edge-colored graph, a subgraph is called rainbow if all its edges have distinct colors. We show that if $G$ is an edge-colored graph of order $n$ and size $m$ using $c$ colors on its edges, and $m+c\geq \binom{n+1}{2}+k-1$ for a…

In contrast to traditional flow networks, in additive flow networks, to every edge e is assigned a gain factor g(e) which represents the loss or gain of the flow while using edge e. Hence, if a flow f(e) enters the edge e and f(e) is less…

In 1954, Tutte conjectured that every bridgeless graph has a nowhere-zero 5-flow. Let $\omega$ be the minimum number of odd cycles in a 2-factor of a bridgeless cubic graph. Tutte's conjecture is equivalent to its restriction to cubic…

There is extensive numerical support for the prime-pair conjecture (PPC) of Hardy and Littlewood (1923) on the asymptotic behavior of pi_{2r}(x), the number of prime pairs (p,p+2r) with p not exceeding x. However, it is still not known…

We show that there exist functions $c$ and $g$ such that, if $k$, $n$ and $d$ are positive integers with $d> g(n)$ and $\Gamma$ is a $d$-valent $2$-arc-transitive graph of order $kp^n$ with $p$ a prime, then $p\leqslant kc(d)$. In other…

A graph is said to contain $K_k$ (a clique of size $k$) as a weak immersion if it has $k$ vertices, pairwise connected by edge-disjoint paths. In 1989, Lescure and Meyniel made the following conjecture related to Hadwiger's conjecture:…

Connectivity (or equivalently, unweighted maximum flow) is an important measure in graph theory and combinatorial optimization. Given a graph $G$ with vertices $s$ and $t$, the connectivity $\lambda(s,t)$ from $s$ to $t$ is defined to be…

One of the most basic results in graph theory states that every graph with at least two vertices has two vertices with the same degree. Since there are graphs without $3$ vertices of the same degree, it is natural to ask if for any fixed…

We show that for every graph without isolated edge, the edges can be assigned weights from {1,2,3} so that no two neighbors receive the same sum of incident edge weights. This solves a conjecture of Karo\'{n}ski, Luczak, and Thomason from…

In a recent paper, Caro, Lauri, Mifsud, Yuster, and Zarb ask which parameters $r$ and $c$ admit the existence of an $r$-regular graph such that the neighborhood of each vertex induces exactly $c$ edges. They show that every $r$ with $c$…

Given an underlying undirected simple graph, we consider the set of all acyclic orientations of its edges. Each of these orientations induces a partial order on the vertices of our graph and, therefore, we can count the number of linear…

Graph symmetries intervene in diverse applications, from enumeration, to graph structure compression, to the discovery of graph dynamics (e.g., node arrival order inference). Whereas Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi graphs are typically asymmetric, real…

We prove that every 3-connected planar graph on $n$ vertices contains an induced path on $\Omega(\log n)$ vertices, which is best possible and improves the best known lower bound by a multiplicative factor of $\log \log n$. We deduce that…

The median of a graph $G$ with weighted vertices is the set of all vertices $x$ minimizing the sum of weighted distances from $x$ to the vertices of $G$. For any integer $p\ge 2$, we characterize the graphs in which, with respect to any…