Related papers: On the Complexity of L-reachability
In this paper, we study a series of algorithmic problems related to the subsequences occurring in the strings of a given language, under the assumption that this language is succinctly represented by a grammar generating it, or an automaton…
In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have emerged as promising candidates for graph tasks. Many studies leverage natural language to describe graphs and apply LLMs for reasoning, yet most focus narrowly on performance benchmarks…
Graph reachability is the task of understanding whether two distinct points in a graph are interconnected by arcs to which in general a semantic is attached. Reachability has plenty of applications, ranging from motion planning to routing.…
The problem of \emph{regular separability} asks, given two languages $K$ and $L$, whether there exists a regular language $S$ with $K\subseteq S$ and $S\cap L=\emptyset$. This problem has recently been studied for various classes of…
We consider the computational complexity of pure Nash equilibria in graphical games. It is known that the problem is NP-complete in general, but tractable (i.e., in P) for special classes of graphs such as those with bounded treewidth. It…
Given a graph $G=(V,E)$ with two distinguished vertices $s,t\in V$ and an integer parameter $L>0$, an {\em $L$-bounded cut} is a subset $F$ of edges (vertices) such that the every path between $s$ and $t$ in $G\setminus F$ has length more…
Given a graph $G$ and a positive integer $k$, the 2-Load coloring problem is to check whether there is a $2$-coloring $f:V(G) \rightarrow \{r,b\}$ of $G$ such that for every $i \in \{r,b\}$, there are at least $k$ edges with both end…
In the classical partial vertex cover problem, we are given a graph $G$ and two positive integers $R$ and $L$. The goal is to check whether there is a subset $V'$ of $V$ of size at most $R$, such that $V'$ covers at least $L$ edges of $G$.…
Large language models have evolved to process multiple modalities beyond text, such as images and audio, which motivates us to explore how to effectively leverage them for graph reasoning tasks. The key question, therefore, is how to…
Temporal graphs are graphs with time-stamped edges. We study the problem of finding a small vertex set (the separator) with respect to two designated terminal vertices such that the removal of the set eliminates all temporal paths…
We investigate regular realizability (RR) problems, which are the problems of verifying whether intersection of a regular language -- the input of the problem -- and fixed language called filter is non-empty. We consider two kind of…
Many graph problems are locally checkable: a solution is globally feasible if it looks valid in all constant-radius neighborhoods. This idea is formalized in the concept of locally checkable labelings (LCLs), introduced by Naor and…
Motivated by hybrid graph representations, we introduce and study the following beyond-planarity problem, which we call $h$-Clique2Path Planarity: Given a graph $G$, whose vertices are partitioned into subsets of size at most $h$, each…
We study the Telephone Broadcasting problem in graphs with restricted structure. Given a designated source in an undirected graph, the goal is to disseminate a message to all vertices in the minimum number of rounds, where in each round…
It is known that context-free grammars can be extended to generating graphs resulting in graph grammars; one of such fundamental approaches is hyperedge replacement grammars. On the other hand there are type-logical grammars which also…
A digraph is connected-homogeneous if any isomorphism between finite connected induced subdigraphs extends to an automorphism of the digraph. We consider locally-finite connected-homogeneous digraphs with more than one end. In the case that…
Several popular language models represent local contexts in an input text $x$ as bags of words. Such representations are naturally encoded by a sequence graph whose vertices are the distinct words occurring in $x$, with edges representing…
We investigate inflection structure of a synthetic language using Latin as an example. We construct a bipartite graph in which one group of vertices correspond to dictionary headwords and the other group to inflected forms encountered in a…
Deciding whether a graph can be embedded in a grid using only unit-length edges is NP-complete, even when restricted to binary trees. However, it is not difficult to devise a number of graph classes for which the problem is polynomial, even…
We investigate the complexity of the reachability problem for (deep) neural networks: does it compute valid output given some valid input? It was recently claimed that the problem is NP-complete for general neural networks and conjunctive…