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We assume that particles are point-like objects even when not observed. We report on the consequences of our assumption within the realm of quantum theory. An important consequence is the necessity of vacuum fields to account for particle…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-10-27 Eduardo V. Flores

I argue that there is a straightforward way to understand the occurrence of wavefunction collapses or 'quantum events' in relational approaches to quantum mechanics: we necessarily encounter a discontinuity in our description when a system…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-15 Emily Adlam

It is shown that within a quantum system, the wave field has a (potential) energy content that can be exchanged with quantum particles. Energy conservation in quantum systems holds if potential energy is correctly taken to be a field…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-16 Peter J. Riggs

A physical theory without interpretation is mathematics. Since there are no paradoxes in science, only incorrect interpretations of phenomena or inadequate theories, it is necessary to use a consistent interpretation of quantum mechanics…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 B. C. Sanctuary

All the concepts and principles necessary to understand quantum mechanics on an initial level are given in a form suitable for the non-expert. The concepts explained include visualizing the wave function, wave-particle duality, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-01-19 Casey Blood

Although quantum mechanics is one of our most successful physical theories, there has been a long-standing debate about the interpretation of the wave function---the central object of the theory. Two prominent views are that (i) it…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-04-16 Roger Colbeck , Renato Renner

The conceptual problems in quantum mechanics -- related to the collapse of the wave function, the particle-wave duality, the meaning of measurement -- arise from the need to ascribe particle character to the wave function. As will be shown,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 Michael Danos , Tien D Kieu

In view of experimentally obtainable resolutions, equal to the Compton wavelength of an electron, the conventional interpretation of quantum mechanics no longer seems to provide a sufficiently subtle tool. Based on the intrinsic properties…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-09-25 W. a. Hofer

The most peculiar, specifically quantum, features of quantum mechanics --- quantum nonlocality, indeterminism, interference of probabilities, quantization, wave function collapse during measurement --- are explained on a logical-geometrical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 Yuri Orlov

Historically, appearance of the quantum theory led to a prevailing view that Nature is indeterministic. The arguments for the indeterminism and proposals for indeterministic and deterministic approaches are reviewed. These include collapse…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-07-08 Lev Vaidman

At the primary level of reality as described by quantum field theory, a fundamental particle like an electron represents a stable, discrete, propagating excited state of its underlying quantum field. QFT also tells us that the lowest vacuum…

General Physics · Physics 2014-04-03 Mani Bhaumik

The paper examines and critiques the expression of entropy as the logarithm of the number of quantum states of a physical system. Boltzmann method of expressing entropy as the logarithm of the number of states of a gas with a given total…

General Physics · Physics 2026-02-09 Maria Polski , Vladimir Skrebnev

Quantum physics is a linear theory, so it is somewhat puzzling that it can underlie very complex systems such as digital computers and life. This paper investigates how this is possible. Physically, such complex systems are necessarily…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-12 George F R Ellis

We investigate the meaning of the wave function by analyzing the mass and charge density distribution of a quantum system. According to protective measurement, a charged quantum system has mass and charge density proportional to the modulus…

General Physics · Physics 2011-08-08 Shan Gao

The internal phase dynamics of a quantum system is revealed in details. Theoretical and experimental evidences of existence of a causal relation of the phase of the wave function with the dynamics of the quantum system are presented…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-04-20 I. G. Koprinkov

Measurements cause quantum wave functions to collapse. In tackling this elusive issue, we embark on the exploration of entropy exhibited by single-qubit quantum systems. Our findings surprisingly challenge the conventional law of entropy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-28 Ling Hu , Qiang Ni

Quantum entanglement occurs not just in discrete systems such as spins, but also in the spatial wave functions of systems with more than one degree of freedom. It is easy to introduce students to entangled wave functions at an early stage,…

Physics Education · Physics 2017-11-22 Daniel V. Schroeder

Quantum measurement problem is still unconsensus since it has existed many years and inspired a large of literature in physics and philosophy. We show it can be subsumed into the quantum theory if we extend the Feynman path integral by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-03-12 Wei Wen

The present paper is based upon equations obtained in an earlier paper by the author devoted to a new formulation of quantum electrodynamics. The equations describe the structure of the electron as well as its motion in external fields,…

General Physics · Physics 2016-10-05 V. A. Golovko

The specific advance of this work is to propose a mechanism by which superpositions collapse during measurement of the separated subsystems of entangled quantum states. It is shown how the phase that locks together entangled states plays a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-20 Gregory D. Scholes