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In display advertising, a small group of sellers and bidders face each other in up to 10 12 auctions a day. In this context, revenue maximisation via monopoly price learning is a high-value problem for sellers. By nature, these auctions are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-21 Lorenzo Croissant , Marc Abeille , Clément Calauzènes

Auto-bidding systems are widely used in advertising to automatically determine bid values under constraints such as total budget and Return-on-Spend (RoS) targets. Existing works often assume that the value of an ad impression, such as the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Jiale Han , Chun Gan , Chengcheng Zhang , Jie He , Zhangang Lin , Ching Law , Xiaowu Dai

Small operators who take part in secondary wireless spectrum markets typically have strict budget limits. In this paper, we study the bidding problem of a budget constrained operator in repeated secondary spectrum auctions. In existing…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2016-08-29 Mehrdad Khaledi , Alhussein Abouzeid

In this paper, we study the problem of learning to bid in repeated first-price auctions with budget constraints. In each period, the decision maker needs to submit a bid to win the auction and maximize the total collected reward, subject to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-10 Zeng Fu , Jiashuo Jiang , Yuan Zhou

We study and formulate arbitrage in display advertising. Real-Time Bidding (RTB) mimics stock spot exchanges and utilises computers to algorithmically buy display ads per impression via a real-time auction. Despite the new automation, the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-06-15 Weinan Zhang , Jun Wang

Auto-bidding plays an important role in online advertising and has become a crucial tool for advertisers and advertising platforms to meet their performance objectives and optimize the efficiency of ad delivery. Advertisers employing…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-12-07 Bin Li , Xiao Yang , Daren Sun , Zhi Ji , Zhen Jiang , Cong Han , Dong Hao

In online advertising markets, budget-constrained advertisers acquire ad placements through repeated bidding in auctions on various platforms. We present a strategy for bidding optimally in a set of auctions that may or may not be…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Fransisca Susan , Negin Golrezaei , Okke Schrijvers

Internet search companies sell advertisement slots based on users' search queries via an auction. While there has been a lot of attention on the auction process and its game-theoretic aspects, our focus is on the advertisers. In particular,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Jon Feldman , S. Muthukrishnan , Martin Pal , Cliff Stein

Online advertising has become one of the most successful business models of the internet era. Impression opportunities are typically allocated through real-time auctions, where advertisers bid to secure advertisement slots. Deciding the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Alberto Silvio Chiappa , Briti Gangopadhyay , Zhao Wang , Shingo Takamatsu

Learning to bid in repeated first-price auctions is a fundamental problem at the interface of game theory and machine learning, which has seen a recent surge in interest due to the transition of display advertising to first-price auctions.…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Rachitesh Kumar , Jon Schneider , Balasubramanian Sivan

In online advertising, display ads are increasingly being placed based on real-time auctions where the advertiser who wins gets to serve the ad. This is called real-time bidding (RTB). In RTB, auctions have very tight time constraints on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-05-14 Bjarne Ørum Fruergaard , Toke Jansen Hansen , Lars Kai Hansen

Efficient allocation of impressions to advertisers in display advertising has a significant impact on advertisers' utility and the browsing experience of users. The problem becomes particularly challenging in the presence of advertisers…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-07-23 Davood Shamsi , Marius Holtan , Robert Luenberger , Yinyu Ye

In this paper, we derive a temporal arbitrage policy for storage via reinforcement learning. Real-time price arbitrage is an important source of revenue for storage units, but designing good strategies have proven to be difficult because of…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Hao Wang , Baosen Zhang

Budget management strategies in repeated auctions have received growing attention in online advertising markets. However, previous work on budget management in online bidding mainly focused on second-price auctions. The rapid shift from…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-04-27 Qian Wang , Zongjun Yang , Xiaotie Deng , Yuqing Kong

In digital online advertising, advertisers procure ad impressions simultaneously on multiple platforms, or so-called channels, such as Google Ads, Meta Ads Manager, etc., each of which consists of numerous ad auctions. We study how an…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Yuan Deng , Negin Golrezaei , Patrick Jaillet , Jason Cheuk Nam Liang , Vahab Mirrokni

In many repeated auction settings, participants care not only about how frequently they win but also how their winnings are distributed over time. This problem arises in various practical domains where avoiding congested demand is crucial,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Giannis Fikioris , Robert Kleinberg , Yoav Kolumbus , Raunak Kumar , Yishay Mansour , Éva Tardos

In E-commerce advertising, where product recommendations and product ads are presented to users simultaneously, the traditional setting is to display ads at fixed positions. However, under such a setting, the advertising system loses the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Weixun Wang , Junqi Jin , Jianye Hao , Chunjie Chen , Chuan Yu , Weinan Zhang , Jun Wang , Xiaotian Hao , Yixi Wang , Han Li , Jian Xu , Kun Gai

Internet live streaming is widely used in online entertainment and e-commerce, where live advertising is an important marketing tool for anchors. An advertising campaign hopes to maximize the effect (such as conversions) under constraints…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-08-11 Bo Yang , Ruixuan Luo , Junqi Jin , Han Zhu

Cost per click is a common metric to judge digital advertising campaign performance. In this paper we discuss an approach that generates a feature targeting recommendation to optimise cost per click. We also discuss a technique to assign…

Applications · Statistics 2021-08-03 Aditya Jain , Sahil Khan

In this paper, we initiate the study of the multiplicative bidding language adopted by major Internet search companies. In multiplicative bidding, the effective bid on a particular search auction is the product of a base bid and bid…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-04-29 MohammadHossein Bateni , Jon Feldman , Vahab Mirrokni , Sam Chiu-wai Wong