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The presence of large event-by-event flow fluctuations in heavy ion collisions at RHIC and the LHC provides an opportunity to study a broad class of flow observables. This paper explores the correlations among harmonic flow coefficients…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2014-09-12 Peng Huo , Jiangyong Jia , Soumya Mohapatra

Event-by-event fluctuations in the initial density distributions of the fireballs created in relativistic heavy-ion collisions lead to event-by-event fluctuations of the final anisotropic flow angles, and density inhomogeneities in the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2013-05-01 Ulrich W. Heinz , Zhi Qiu , Chun Shen

We discuss an event-by-event fluctuation analysis of particle production in heavy ion collisions. We compare different approaches to the evaluation of the event-by-event dynamical fluctuations in quantities defined on groups of particles,…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-10-31 S. A. Voloshin , V. Koch , H. G. Ritter

Event-by-event fluctuations in the initial stages of ultrarelativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions depend little on rapidity. The hydrodynamic expansion which occurs in later stages then gives rise to correlations among outgoing particles…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-08-30 Tribhuban Parida , Rupam Samanta , Jean-Yves Ollitrault

Higher-order anisotropic flows in heavy-ion collisions are affected by nonlinear mode coupling effects. It has been suggested that the associated nonlinear hydrodynamic response coefficients probe the transport properties and are largely…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2016-06-22 Jing Qian , Ulrich W. Heinz , Jia Liu

An interesting opportunity to determine thermodynamic and transport properties in more detail is to identify generic statistical properties of initial density perturbations. Here we study event-by-event fluctuations in terms of correlation…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-08-29 Stefan Floerchinger , Urs Achim Wiedemann

In this talk we present results obtained when fluid dynamical fluctuations are included in relativistic $3+1$ dimensional viscous fluid dynamics. We discuss effects of the interactions of fluctuations due to nonlinearities and the cutoff…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2017-04-13 Marlene Nahrgang , Marcus Bluhm , Thomas Schäfer , Steffen Bass

A brief overview of the recent developments concerning theoretical description of event-by-event fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions is presented, with an emphasis on the role of exact conservation laws and calculations based on…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2021-10-07 Volodymyr Vovchenko

In this review, we systematically examine the principles and the practices of fluctuations such as the momentum and the charge fluctuations as applied to the heavy ion collisions. Main emphases are: (i) Fluctuations as signals of phase…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 Sangyong Jeon , Volker Koch

Sub-nuclear fluctuations in the initial state of heavy-ion collisions impact not only transverse long-range correlations of small systems, but also the creation of longitudinal structures, seen in particle detectors as longitudinal…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-04-02 Oscar Garcia-Montero , Sören Schlichting , Jie Zhu

Hadron spectra and elliptic flow in high-energy heavy-ion collisions are studied within a (3+1)D ideal hydrodynamic model with fluctuating initial conditions given by the AMPT Monte Carlo model. Results from event-by-event simulations are…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2012-09-20 Longgang Pang , Qun Wang , Xin-Nian Wang

It is well understood that subnuclear fluctuations in the initial state of heavy-ion collisions have an important impact on the creation of long-range correlations in the transverse plane. This is also true for the creation of particle…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-10-23 Oscar Garcia-Montero , Sören Schlichting , Jie Zhu

A comparison is made between results obtained using smooth initial conditions and event-by-event initial conditions in the hydrodynamical description of relativistic nuclear collisions. Some new results on directed flow are also included.

Event-by-event hydrodynamics, with fluctuating initial conditions, has shown to nicely reproduce several features of experimentally observed quantities in high-energy nuclear collisions. Here we discuss how it may help to understand, in a…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-03-17 Yogiro Hama , Rone Peterson G. Andrade , Frederique Grassi , Wei-Liang Qian

We investigate the interplay between hydrodynamic fluctuations and initial longitudinal fluctuations for their effects on the rapidity decorrelation of collective flow in high-energy nuclear collisions. We use a (3+1)-dimensional integrated…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2022-04-20 Azumi Sakai , Koichi Murase , Tetsufumi Hirano

Event-by-event fluctuations and correlations between particles produced in relativistic nuclear collisions are studied. The fluctuations in positive, negative, total and net charge are closely related through correlations. In the event of a…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 H. Heiselberg , A. D. Jackson

In this thesis, we focus on the fluctuations and correlations of the collective observables such as the mean transverse momentum per particle ($[p_T]$) and harmonic flow coefficients ($v_n$) of particles produced in the ultrarelativistic…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-05-20 Rupam Samanta

The transverse momentum anisotropy of the particles produced in heavy ion collisions is one of the most important experimental observable to investigate the collective behavior of the systems created in such collisions. Recent studies show…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-18 Jun Takahashi , Rafael Derradi de Souza , David Dobrigkeit Chinellato

Relativistic dissipative fluid dynamics is a common tool to describe the space-time evolution of the strongly interacting matter created in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. For a proper comparison to experimental data,…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2013-05-08 H. Niemi , G. S. Denicol , H. Holopainen , P. Huovinen

Heavy-ion collisions undergo various stages in their evolution and it is crucial to disentangle the initial- and final-stage effects. In this work, we report measurements of two types of observables: (i) charge-dependent directed flow…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2025-03-26 Aditya Prasad Dash